When power is too concentrated in the same hands, it always faces the emergence of dictatorship, tyranny, violence and lawlessness.Modern states are its three branches: executive, legislative and judicial.Today the separation of powers - is recognized by all the norm in any state with a democratic regime.It is a prerequisite for the successful development of the country.However, the system of separation of powers in the practice of governance has not always existed.
For the ancient Greeks the functions of all three branches combine Athens meeting.But in the Middle Ages state administration divided between the king, the clergy and the nobility.When the monarch sought to concentrate power in his hands completely, there is absolutism (for example, can serve as France and Russia).But the emperors and kings were not free to act without finance.To get one, they increase taxes and noble Assembly convened.Thus, the aristocracy in exchange for money to interfere in politics the king.There Legislative Assembly (parliament, Riksdag, the States-General), which slowly but steadily increased his power.Soon came to what became kings need their support in order to carry out some reforms, and so on. N.
At the time, philosophers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu and Thomas Jefferson, said that in the statenecessarily should be the separation of powers into three branches and each of them will be to balance, to contain and control others.Only in such circumstances the country can develop freely.
How does the separation of powers in practice in modern democracies?
1. The legislative branch is the Parliament.He is elected by secret ballot through the implementation of equally accessible to all suffrage.Usually, Parliament consists of the upper and lower chambers.Formation of the latter in different countries there are different.A lower house is completed by a vote of the voters, that is, direct elections.According to the decision of the majority party or as a result of its agreement with the opposition to be elected speaker of the parliament leadership - the chairman of the lower chamber.His authority can also act as a collegial body, and deputies.Functions of the Speaker is to coordinate the commissions and committees of Parliament to present it on the international scene, in the regulation debate arising in the course of meetings.
2. The executive branch of government.It is headed or the president or the prime minister.He leads by several executive bodies: administrations, ministries and various departments.The executive branch has always interacts with the legislature, as the person presenting it, shall coordinate their actions with the constitution.The main instrument of control over the activities of this branch - the right to bring charges against persons holding public office, in the event of damage to their country.
on the division of power in the modern state influence and opposition that exists and operates within the law.Its leaders give a critical assessment of the decisions and documents of the government cabinet.In this way they support the rule of democracy in the political process.
3. judiciary.It ensures the legitimacy of the first two branches.To this end, it created the Supreme Court or a similar authority, which performs supervision over the observance of the constitution and the corresponding decrees of the legislative and executive.
So, it is clear that when the state carried out the separation of powers into three branches, the executive, legislative and judicial institutions, as independent of each other will be controlled, thus preventing any attempts to abuse the situation.
