theocratic monarchy - is form of civil government, where official policy is governed directly by divine guidance, interpretation of God's will, as stated in the religious scriptures, in accordance with the teachings of a particular religion.
In practice, the clergy as the accredited representatives of the invisible Deity, real or imagined, proclaims and explains the laws of public policy.In the strict sense refers to a ruler who considers himself an emissary of God, and all the laws they made under the leadership of God.The head of a theocratic government is the head of the religious institution.Thus, the civil law and the functions are part of religion, implying the absorption of the state church.
One of the first term "theocracy" is used Josephus, who apparently tried to explain the Greek word "Theos" (God) and "krateo" (control) Gentile readers the organization of the Jewish Union.Although in this connection Josephus, comparing it with other forms of government (monarchy, oligarchy, republic), takes a long and somewhat confused discussion of the topic, it does not explain what "theocratic monarchy."
countries, an example in modern times which can be considered similar form of the state system include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Vatican.
In many states, there are still certain official religion, civil laws can be influenced by theological or moral concepts, but these conditions are not covered by the terms of theocracy.Coexist with a state religion or delegate some aspects of the civil rights of religious communities may also secular state.
In the Middle Ages, many monarchies were at least partly theocratic.Decisions of rulers in Catholic countries often been questioned and rejected if the popes did not agree with them.Religious leaders advised rulers on matters not only religion but also the state.Things began to change when, in certain countries to gain influence Protestantism and other non-Catholic religions.
absolute theocratic monarchy elective type - a form of government in the Vatican.At the head of state is the Holy See (the Pope and the Administrative Council - the Roman Curia).The Pope is the sovereign of the Holy See, in accordance with his position exercises legislative, executive and judicial power in the Vatican City State and of the universal Catholic Church.Taking into account the multidimensional nature of the power of the pope, to manage within the categories carefully designed government has established an administrative structure known as the Roman Curia, whose members are appointed by the authority of the pope.
new pope after the death of the previous one, is elected by the conclave, consisting only of the Cardinals.
In states where the state religion is Islam, in particular the Sharia, theocratic monarchy was the only form of government for centuries.From the time when the Prophet Muhammad established the Arab-Muslim (feudal) state in Medina in the seventh century to the early twentieth century, after the collapse of the last caliphate in Turkey.Caliph (successor) was the head of state driving under the Sharia (Islamic law), based on the Koran and the Sunnah.Although the Caliphs had instructions directly from Allah, they are just like the Prophet, were obliged to justify their decrees issued in accordance with this set of divine commandments and prohibitions, showing that Allah - the ultimate authority.
most famous in the history of theocratic monarchy in the Islamic world- the Arab Caliphate in the caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty, or "righteous caliphs" (the first four caliphs after the Prophet Muhammad).
In modern times the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran described as a real theocracy, in any case, because the directory specified in the CIA.
When the Iranian leader Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini became, from 1979 to 1989, religious and political balance of forces was dramatically transformed: Shiite Islam has become an inseparable part of the political structure of the state.Such was the stated goal of the 1979 Iranian revolution - overthrow the rule of the Shah and restore Islamic ideology in the Iranian society.
Shia Islam is the official religion of Iran.According to the 1979 Constitution (as amended in 1989), the Islamic ideology is determined by political, economic and social system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.The Head of State, which establishes the general policy of the country - Supreme Leader, who is appointed by the Board of Experts.
top leaders in Iran were two: the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini and his successor, Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Great Khamenei (from 1989 to the present time).
Supreme Leader appoints the heads of many important government institutions.Also, according to the Iranian constitution, the powers of the president, he argues, can veto laws passed by the Parliament (Majlis), traditionally it gives permission to the presidential candidates to declare their candidacy.
special kind of theocratic monarchy - a form of government in Saudi Arabia.Rather to say that the State an absolute monarchy, founded on the principles of Islam.Saudi Arabia's King is head of state and head of government.However, most of the decisions taken during the consultations between senior princes of the royal family and religious organizations.Quran declared the country's Constitution, which is managed on the basis of Islamic law (Sharia).
