To understand that such specialization, look around.That shop, there are showcases, cash register, apply the rules of modern merchandising.The store works seller.He knows how to use the cash register, knows all about the product, it may be nice to spread out on the shelves and, if desired, easily persuade you to buy something.
That bus.It is adapted for comfortable transportation of passengers (handrails, seats, large windows).The driver of the bus is on a paved road, guided by the signs, traffic lights should be.
These examples certainly have something in common:
- Each of them represents a certain kind of activity, which results in a particular product or service (sale of goods, transport of passengers).
- For activities subject to special technologies, materials, equipment (the bus window at the store).
- Actions carried out by trained specialists in a certain way (salesman, driver).
We are dealing with a specialization.And what is the specialty?This is when the state, business or individual focus their efforts on a specific activity for the creation of a product (service) or any part of the product.With specialization inseparable co-operation, which is the interaction of subjects, each of which has its own specialty, but all together they create a final product.
notion that such specialization and cooperation in the interaction, give basic examples.One company is specialized in the manufacture of engines, the other - in the manufacture of tires, and the third is engaged in assembling cars, but all together they make one final product - the car.This co-operation.Marketer know what goods are a good buy, he buys its supplier, an economist calculates the volume of trade and the price at which the company will make a profit.This is also a co-operative.
division of labor and specialization - an indispensable result of the development of economic activities.A person can not physically do everything at once.Moreover, he does not have all the necessary resources.Finally, it is simply inefficient.
Firstly, when a person is engaged in something one, eventually he turns it all better.It can gradually improve the process, to come up with something new.Emerging technologies, special equipment.Imagine a company, are constantly changing the type of production.Endless retraining of personnel, equipment and the changeover mass of other efforts that result decrease in efficiency and productivity.
So today specialization and cooperation of production (and not just production) are natural and even necessary methods of management.We see this process at all levels, from the sharing of domestic responsibilities to the international economic cooperation.
Thus, answering the question of what specialization, we can say that this is a modern form of the international labor organization.
