Zabaikal'skii State National Park - a true gem of Buryatia.The unique landscape of the eastern coast of Lake Baikal, valuable natural complexes, the preservation of which was under threat, prompted the government of the RSFSR in 1986 to issue a decree on the establishment in the area of the park, which is under state protection.
Here is a paradise for animals: more than 44 species of mammals, 50 - vertebrates, 241 species of birds, 3 species of reptiles and amphibians as well.Many representatives of fauna included in the Red Book of Russia.
National Park is part of a huge complex of the northern vault attractions and natural beauties called Zapovednoe Podlemorye.It consists of two parks - Frolihinsky Barguzin reserve and reserve.All three protected areas are part of the object "Lake Baikal", which is under UNESCO protection.
Features
Park territory conservation area covers the academic, median, and Svyatonossky Barguzin ridge and occupies a total of 269,000 hectares.37 thousand hectares - a water area of Lake Baikal, the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
Most of the reserve complex occupies the mountain slopes, covered with abundant thickets of Rivals, cedar, larch, pine and cedar taiga.
One of the most beautiful places is considered the peninsula Holy Nose: Chivyrkuisky isthmus connects it to the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.The top of the Academic ridge is an underwater boundary between northern and southern basins of the Baikal basin, represented by small islands and the Great Ushkany Ushkany Islands.
This formation was named Ushkaniye archipelago islands.
Chivyrkuisky Bay
Zabaikalsk National Park is famous for the largest rookery at Baikal freshwater seal - seal.It is endemic to Lake Baikal and the only representative of the detachment pinnipeds.Most seals found on Ushkaniye islands, where their numbers sometimes reaches 2500 - 3000 individuals.In the fall, during storms, seal (usually pregnant females) moves in Chivyrkuisky Bay.However, this is not the place of their winter quarters: to receive medical treatment and rest, seals again turn into open water, as Bay is covered with ice.
Bay is famous for its thermal springs, the most famous of which - kites.It owes its name ordinary snake populations inhabiting Arangatuyskih swamps.The water temperature in the source reaches + sometimes 50-60 degrees.Is popular with guests of the park and mineral springs and Nechaevsky Culina swamp.
Chivyrkuy Bay Beach greatly cut up, the water cut into the land of 25 kilometers.This feature has led to the fact that all along the pond were small sheltered from the wind sandy bays to a depth of five meters.One of the most notable - Ongokonskaya bay.
Five hiking trails allow visitors to get acquainted with the inhabitants of the protected area, its beauty and gorgeous scenery.From the highest point of the park - Mountain Markovo, located on the peninsula of St. nose, a nice view area.
Islands and park
Buryatia Nature is diverse and beautiful in any of its manifestations.So, making a cruise on Chivyrkuisky Bay, you can enjoy these islands, precipitous banks which have become a refuge for numerous bluish and herring gulls, winding their nests here.
Climatic features of the park
Park is srednebaykalskom eastern climatic region, which is characterized by a continental climate with warm, dry summers and sometimes long cold winter.Influence Baikal softens the weather conditions in the coastal part of the conservation area.The average temperature in winter is -19 degrees Celsius, 14 degrees in the summer.The water temperature in the lake does not rise above 14 degrees even on the hottest days.
Water Reserve
Zabaikalsk National Park is rich in water resources.It takes a lot of small rivers, among which are Chivyrkuy Large, Small and Big Cheremshana.These river basins are closed, so they carry their waters into Lake Baikal.There is also a lake: the largest of them - and Small Arangatuy Arangatuy located on the isthmus Chivyrkui and connected to the Gulf.Bormashovoe lake smaller and known for its mineral waters.
feature of the park is the presence of karst lakes - they are more than twenty.
Flora Trans-Baikal National Park
Chita Region is situated in the area of boreal forests, which directly affects the structure of the vegetation of the area.It is due to the vertical zonation Zabaykalskie mountain.The forests consist primarily of conifers: Gmelin larch, Siberian fir, pine, cedar and elfin cedar.
small area occupied by deciduous forests, mostly represented by stone and broad birch and aspen.
Zabaikalsk National Park characterized by an unusual distribution of the mountain taiga forests relative to their location in the continental Siberian mountains.So, in the park, the number of cedar and larch larch tree relatively small - its area covers about 14 hectares, and they are on Marin on river terraces, while in other Siberian forests such trees are represented in the majority.
endemics and relics
Flora diverse protected area, many plant species are endemic and relict.The most valuable of them settled in the highlands Ushkaniye Islands and Holy Nose.
These include chosenia, community cedar and ernika Borodin Teeling.The variety of fauna
real home for the sables, wolves, wolverines, bears, foxes, squirrels, elk, brown bears, red voles, grouse, kedrovok, musk deer, black-capped marmot, and many other representatives of fauna became the Trans-Baikal National Park.Animals here feel safe.
Among the representatives of rare species of amphibians - Siberian and moor frogs.Six species of reptiles also found here include ordinary snake, sand lizard, copperhead snake and lizard viviparous.
among birds as sedentary, and stray, you can find white and yellow wagtails, burogolovyh gaichek, moskovok, Dubrovnik, nuthatches, kedrovok, lapwings, snipe, Chernyshev, river terns, herring gulls and blue-gray.Sometimes the park you can see the black stork (nesting site which remains a mystery), the golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon and osprey.
Another rare bird that disappeared from the coast of Lake Baikal and a small amount of lives Chivyrkuy Bay is a cormorant.
Many species of birds make their nests in the marshes, hidden from the eyes of humans and located in the most Chivyrkui on the isthmus.There is also the least transformed the world's ecosystems - Arangatuyskie swamp inhabited by moose, grouse, muskrat.
is the most numerous group of waterfowl, provided Mallard ordinary, Gogol, Pintail, Whooper Swan, Teal and Pochard.
there in the park and Owls Bird: eared and long-eared owl, Ural owl, the owl and the snowy owl - a very rare visitors, occurring only in the winter, or in places where the rare man has gone before.
Buryatia National parks, including the Trans-Baikal National Park, the rich variety of representatives of the underwater world.Thus, in the waters meet perch, ide, grayling, dace, burbot, cisco, Baikal sturgeon, pike, roach and endemic species - small golomyanka.
Zabaikalsk National Park: how to get
closest to the park population center is the village of Ust-Barguzin.
You can get here by land or water ways.The best route by land - a service of private transport, which departs from Irkutsk along the coast of Lake Baikal.From the capital of Buryatia - Ulan-Ude - you can get to the park by taxi or bus.
distance to the reserve is about 275 km and the trip takes about 5-6 hours.
Keep in mind that a large part of the road passes through a gravel road.For people who prefer the water route from Port Baikal, and from the village of Khuzhir, Nizhneangarsk and sent Listvyanka private flights.
visiting this park, you will not for a moment regret it, because it is not only the hallmark of the lake, but also an oasis of natural wonders that abound in Chita Region!
