basic laws of dialectics - is that once upon a time changed people's views on development issues.They were three, but they may explain a lot.
basic laws of dialectics substantiated Immanuel Kant - a great thinker who has made a significant contribution to philosophy.Let's take first things first.
basic laws and categories of dialectics
What is dialectics?This theory, which says how is the development of all things.Also, this term is used to refer to established on the basis of the theory of the method.
This trend reflects the development of the philosophy of mind, matter, knowledge, consciousness and things through:
- category;
- principles;
- basic laws of dialectics.
The main problem in this case is the question of the essence of development.In general, it is understood by the change of ideal and material objects.I do not mean ordinary mechanical change, and nothing else, as a self-development, allowing the project to move to the next level, to the highest degree of organization.Development is the highest form of movement, while the movement is its base.
basic laws of dialectics in the philosophy of the following:
1. Struggle and unity of opposites.Its essence lies in the fact that the basis of all are two opposite principles.These principles are to each other in constant conflict.Thus, its nature remains the same.As an example, can be called day and night, heat and cold.
Their struggle becomes an internal source of energy, motion and development.
is important to note that the struggle can occur in different ways.The thing is that it can be beneficial to both parties at once, one party always wins, and the other serves only irritant, may struggle to go to the complete destruction of any party.It is also possible neutrality, solidarity, assistance, mutualism.
2. transition of quantitative changes into qualitative changes.Here the whole point is that the quality - it is a certain stable system of some characteristics being identical.Under the same number of parameters are understood to be exhaustive phenomena or objects.It also introduces the notion of a measure that is unity of quality and quantity.This law is based on the fact that a change in the amount and quality will certainly change.These changes do not last forever - sooner or later it will be possible to observe a change measures.In other words, changes occur in the system of coordinates.The point of change - node.
Give an example of such changes may be the following: gradual heating of water leads to an increase in its temperature.One hundred degrees Celsius - is a node.After reaching this level of the water begins to evaporate.It was found that the changes in this law is a sharp or completely unnoticed.As an example of the latter may be called evolutionary development.
3. negation of the negation.The point is that the new exists only so long until it becomes old and it does not replace more than something new that will exist until itself does not turn into the old.As an example, the change may be called historical formations changing tastes and trends in culture, the evolution of the genus.
This law is based on the fact that the development proceeds in a spiral rather than along a line that is repeated is the same, but at different levels.It is important to understand that development can be both top-down and bottom-up.
It's all the basic laws of dialectics.Categories as it follows:
- content and form;
- universal, single, special;
- reality and opportunity;
- phenomenon and essence;
- chance and necessity;
- cause and effect.
Note that under the category refers to the fundamental concepts used to solve specific problems.
