problems of being in the history of philosophy are the most discussed issues.The ambivalence of this phenomenon can be seen if we compare the two views.First of all, it looks ancient philosopher Parmenides, which was the first Greek thinkers raised the question of being as a kind of integrity, and came to the conclusion that every thought we think - of being, and therefore there is no nothingness.There are other opinions, the so-called "look Hamlet", admits as being and non-being (to be or not to be).In this eternal debate can be seen as two aspects: 1) the dialectics of being and nothingness, and 2) the ontological and existential dimension of the concept of "being."
In addition, the problem of being in philosophy opens up a whole series of other controversial issues, such as: whether the existence of a reasonable prerequisite for the unity of the world, or is it some kind of state from which peeps "eternal present"?Do you have the beginning and the end of life?It exists outside of our consciousness, or is it a product?Genesis - it's just the world around us and things, or something deeper?Genesis - is that we know directly or single unchanging basis of all existence, some order into the world system?On the one hand issues being presented is sometimes too easy to talk about them, because everyone understands what it means "to be", but a clear definition of this term has always eluded researchers.
problem in the philosophy of always being posed in different ways, depending on a certain era and society.Even during the reign of the mythological consciousness of primitive culture when, according to Levy-Bruhl, people felt patritsipatsiyu (ownership), the world of nature and did not analyze the phenomenon and told them stories (myths), in most of these myths establishes certain subordination of existence: Who createdthe world who support it in order, what is the place of man in it.At sunset, the mythological era people have developed two approaches to this problem - relatively speaking, eastern and western.East approach was the transformation of myth into philosophy, and Western - in ousting him from philosophy by analysis.
problem being in the philosophy of the ancient East was solved in two ways.It seemed like an absolute, which manifests itself in the world, and the world saw his ghostly likeness.Another option is a vision described him as being "full of emptiness" that at every moment manifests itself in the world.In the West, the closest to the first embodiment of the understanding of this issue in Eastern philosophy, Plato proved.East enriched the history of philosophy that raised the problem of truth and untruth, and this illusory existence.The western philosophy was more concerned about the characteristics of life - it is a unity of diversity, or the diversity of unity, the universe or Multiverse.Greek philosophers (Thales, Anaximenes, Anaximander) being considered as the Space and sought his fundamental principle (water, air, Apeiron ...).They also wondered whether being consistently and identically Do yourself (this tended almost the entire Greek tradition), or a "fluid" and "becoming" (Heraclitus, Empedocles, Neoplatonists).
can say that the problem of being in the philosophy of antiquity and was put on the relationship of life and harmony.Philosophers of ancient Greece, all harmony is impersonal (Thales, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Empedocles) and manifested in symmetry and repetition.Man must obey this harmony, and then his life will gain meaning.Greek philosophers first refused to have the dominant philosophical tradition of animism, of understanding the world as inhabited by spirits, where each phenomenon was at the same time being a kind of "you."They turned the world into "it" but a living myth replaced analytical thinking.The concept of "being" they have made the concept of "substance".
Since then, the problems of life in the philosophy of ancient Greece and later Rome were solved taking into account of what, in fact, is being.Some thinkers believe that the substance is material (Democritus), and others - that it is immaterial (Plato).Anaxagoras vydvynul idea that it consists of homoeomeries (infinitely divisible particles) and Democritus - that of indivisible particles, atoms.Pythagoras, Plato and Aristotle made an attempt to combine the concept of harmony with some faceless hierarchical structure (Plato imagined her as a pyramid, Aristotle in the form of steps, Pythagoras - in the form of mathematical mysticism - geotetrizma).However, the ancient philosophy imagined being cyclic, repetitive.We can say that it raised the issue of the relationship between being and nothingness, but still did not think about the relationship of being and time.It was given to the following periods.
