criterion of truth - this approach, through which knowledge, which coincides with its subject, can be distinguished from error.Philosophers from ancient times sought to develop a theory of knowledge, which will be different are absolutely true, will not cause controversy and will not lead to wrong conclusion in the analysis of the object.The ancient scholars Parmenides, Plato, Descartes, and later a medieval theologian, Augustine developed the doctrine of innate true judgments and concepts.Speaking of knowledge, they were looking for signs to determine the objectivity and accuracy in the analysis of the properties, quality and nature of subjects.Therefore, the criterion of truth is the yardstick by which to ascertain the objective truth of knowledge.
Role practice
Antique scientists are invited to check the veracity of research in practice, since such an approach could be considered in isolation from subjective thinking and natural causes unrelated to the test object.Such criteria of truth as knowledge through experience, affirmed that people actively and purposefully works on the objective reality, simultaneously studying it.During the practice of identity or culture or group creates a "second nature", using those forms of knowledge as a scientific experiment, and material production, technical and social activities.
own experience is the source of human knowledge and its driving force, because by this criterion can not only identify the problem, but also to discover new aspects and properties of the studied object or phenomenon.However, testing of knowledge in practice is not a one-time act, and becomes controversial and lengthy process.Therefore, to detect the truth you want to apply other criteria of truth, which will complement the veracity of the information obtained in the process of cognition.
external criteria
Aside from practices that the writings of the philosophers of XIX century was called "dialectical materialism" to identify the truthfulness of the obtained knowledge of the scientists proposed to use other approaches.This "external" criteria of truth, which include self-consistency and usefulness, but these concepts are interpreted ambiguously.Thus, the conventional wisdom can not be considered true, since it is often shaped by prejudice, and does not reflect the objective reality in full.As a rule, first truth has only one person or a limited circle of people, and only later it becomes the property of the majority.
self-consistency is also not a decisive criterion as to when the conventional system of knowledge was joined by other scientific discoveries, is not in conflict with conventional plants, it does not confirm the validity of the new judgment.However, this approach is characteristic of a grain of truth, because the world is seen as a whole, and knowledge about a particular object or phenomenon should be consistent with already existing scientific base.So in the end you can find the truth, to reveal its systemic nature and to identify internal consistency with respect to the conventional knowledge.
opinions of philosophers
In determining the truthfulness of judgment and estimates of the object being analyzed different schools used their approaches.Therefore, the criterion of truth in the philosophy of multi-faceted and in conflict with each other.For example, Descartes and Leibniz believed apparent initial knowledge and claimed that they could learn with the help of intellectual intuition.Kant used the only formal-logical criterion according to which knowledge is required to harmonize with the general laws of reason and understanding.
