discussions about truth, popular in the twentieth century gave rise to problems with the new antinomy.The discovery of psychoanalysis helped transform it from a method of treatment in the philosophical and psychological doctrine of the relationship between the conscious and unconscious person.Pragmatic approach broke the traditional understanding of the truth, because he believed that the truth of any theory is its "capacity for work", that is how it is suitable in personal experience.But the most popular was the philosophy of science and technology, which has put at the center of the global problems caused by the STR.The stumbling block between different schools of thought became the humanities.
analytic philosophy took categorical rationally-scientistic position.She said that scientific knowledge is the only one possible.Logical positivism, represented by Russell, Carnap, the representatives of the Vienna Circle used the apparatus of mathematical logic to create a special language.He was supposed to operate only with verifiable concepts.Of these, you can build consistent logical structure, which "can be tolerated" as theories.It is clear that the traditional humanities such an approach appears as though behind.But that's not all.The theory of "language games" Wittgenstein and his followers also settled incompatibility of natural and mathematical disciplines with the "science of the spirit."
this trend is most clearly expressed in the concept of Karl Popper.He found only the humanities and applied effectively denied them the right to theory.The author of the "open society" based on two reasons.Firstly, any systematization in the humanitarian sphere is too subjective, and secondly - these sciences are infected "holism", which makes them not to describe the facts and to seek some kind of non-existent integrity.Furthermore, they are not rational.Therefore Popper attacked above all the specifics of this area of human knowledge.Humanities - accused the philosopher - intellectually irresponsible.It is based on irrational feelings and passions that blind disconnect and impede discussions.
However, these processes are not hindered, and the popularity of the opposite relationship to the humanities.This approach formed the face of the twentieth century, no less, that Popper.We are talking about the founder of the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer.While agreeing that all the sciences and humanities fundamentally differ in the method of interpretation, the philosopher is not considered a negative and a positive development.In mathematics, physics, biology theory is created according to the methodology.And the last arises from the knowledge of the laws and casual (causal) relations.But the role of the humanities is that their truth is closer to real life, to the people and their feelings.For the theory of natural sciences the main thing - it corresponds to the facts.And for the humanities, such as history - the cornerstone becomes apparent when the essence of the event itself takes off his cloak.
Gadamer one of the first to return to the concept of positive staining "authority".This is what makes "science of mind" what they have.In this area we can not know anything without the help of predecessors, and because tradition for us to play a very important role.Our rationality is only helping ourselves to elect authorities who we trust.And the tradition that we follow.And this unity of past and present is the role of the humanities.
