doubling to form two identical copies - a phenomenon quite normal in biological systems.Often referred to as a doubling of replication.The latter can occur at different levels of organization of matter - directly from DNA to chromosomes and whole cells.At the same time, if the process went smoothly, obtained two identical units.Replication - a doubling of the current jewelry.
How exactly nowhere
most interesting and the basis for all other species considered to DNA replication.It is a process that occurs over several stages, each of which accuracy is critical, because the inaccuracy provoke abnormal protein synthesis completely unsuitable for use in the cell and in the organism as a whole.
Getting started
replication of cells starts with the doubling of DNA, which is a consequence of the doubling of chromosomes.But replication - is the cornerstone of the whole process.It consists of three steps: First, initiation, and secondly, elongation, thirdly, termination.The work begins with enzymes critical points - replicators and only them.Beginning in the wrong place would distort the whole process.The enzyme-catalyst activates specific proteins that form the pre-replication complex required for DNA duplication.Before the multiplication of DNA is cut into two parts by special enzymes.
Complementary chain
When elongation is based on a matrix of complementary parent chain.That is, one that can then form an integral molecule.The process ends with a termination that also occurs in a certain point.There is a special unit - the replicon.This is the DNA fragment, that have been built at a time.Replication of DNA - the basis, without it can not be replicated chromosomes.The latter occurs when a cell is preparing to divide.
protein as a sign
starts chromosome doubling within a few hours after the occurrence of doubling of DNA.To rebuild the chromosome, we need not only new sets of deoxyribonucleic acid, but also proteins that are part of the chromosome apparatus, and their synthesis requires time.Express replication - a sign of cancer.If it detects too much protein characteristic of intense cell division, the doctor begins to sound the alarm.
Space enough
there during replication interesting feature - in kernel space in terms of synthesis of new DNA are fairly evenly, so there is no distortion, which would trigger a mutual influence.Quite a lot of points, usually a half to two dozen.
As it will be arranged chromosome depends occurs in cell mitosis or meiosis.In the first case formed cell is a normal set, in the second - half.For the remaining half of the second cell will partner in sexual reproduction.If in meiosis suddenly get a complete set, or sex cell is viable, or will happen birth of a sick child.However, these children are still often not born, miscarriage occurs early in pregnancy, the mother who can take over the monthly ovulatory bleeding or mid-cycle.
