of first-time detection and the oldest, and therefore the main is Radzivilovsky chronicle.All the ensuing list of "Tale of Bygone Years" is actually a copy of it.
first owners
Janusz Radziwill, Vilna governor and military commander of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the owner of the scroll in the XVII century.Actually, on behalf of the magnate family chronicle it got its name.In a recording made at the end of Chronicles, it is known that it gave Janusz Radziwill Stanislav Zenovevich, a representative of the petty gentry, who owned the manuscript before, as evidenced by the postscript in the fields.Father Janusz, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire Boguslaw Radziwill, in 1671 identified in the annals of the Koenigsberg library where it met in 1715 and ordered to make a copy of Peter I (according to some sources, the king sent a copy of the 1711-m).And when in 1761 the city was captured by Russian troops, the chronicle was removed and transported to St. Petersburg to the Academy of Sciences.Hence the second name that is Radzivilovsky chronicle - Konigsberg, after the city where it was stored in the XVIII century until the moment when a trophy came to Russia to take part in the Seven Years' War.This document is the first and only giving the concept of the history of Russia and its neighbors V to XIII century.One can imagine the importance of this monumental historical evidence.
first book with illustrations
But its uniqueness in the fact that Radzivilovsky chronicle - the oldest and the only one belonging to the time illustrated, or face (painted face) document.It contains 618 miniatures, giving, despite the schematic, a good grasp of the era.Koenigsberg Chronicle (another name often mentioned chronicle) is in line with other similar European historical documents, which are recognized world masterpieces - Bulgarian Chronicle of Manasses, Hungarian chronicles the XIV century and the famous big French chronicles.And in this series Radzivilovsky chronicle amount allocated and wealth of illustrations.It should be noted that the precious document for a long time the existence of significantly affected, resulting in frayed edges cut off, decayed cover several times replaced.
Chronicles of Vladimir-Suzdal branch chronicles
about the place of occurrence and the authenticity of the Chronicles are still being endless debate.Ruthenian origin, presumably Smolensk, is now the most reasonable version.Confirm the connection of the Belarusian and the Great adverbs and miniatures in which Western European influence is felt.Chronicle Radzivilovsky extremely close Moscow-Academic list Suzdal Chronicle.This collection is kept in Moscow, at the State Library.Lenin.
two manuscripts from the same construction and Novgorod until 1206, that ends the narrative part of the document later in the Moscow-academic record is other text that describes the event until 1419.Radzivilovsky chronicle is a priceless monument, presumably written in the XIII century.He kept the two lists, namely: the actual Radzivilovsky and Moscow-Academic.
What narrate chronicles?
Radzivilovsky Chronicle tells the story of Igor's campaign, about how he was captured by the Konchak and fled from him Ovlur, the appeal Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Russian princes to speak to Kanev.It tells about the attacks against Vladimir Konchak Glebovich, described trips Constantinople, the battle with the Pechenegs and Polovtsy.There is also a collection of tributes, and other comments on the thumbnails depicting the glorious deeds of the Russian princes.
Around Koenigsberg Chronicle lot of ambiguities.It is unknown at whose request, and where it was written, there are primary pictures and text.
historical document or falsification?
The fact that the oldest historical document Radzivilovsky chronicle - a fake, written by many.Some of them are considered the most important evidence of the Polish paper on which is written the Chronicle.Missing sheets in doubt, generates puzzles text run into drawings.Later studies showed that the manuscript was ruled at least three times, and between the second and the third time was quite a significant period.The third artist was particularly aggressive: he changed the pose and clothes of people in the miniatures.Many mysteries evoked explicitly European clothes, which in Russia at that time could not be.That's something they attribute to the third and pravschiku.In short, give birth Königsberg chronicles many mysteries and controversies.But research methods improving all the time, and one day the truth will.Lovers rewrite history, to falsify it for their immediate goals it has always been enough.
«His" Rurik - neither Norman nor English or Swedish or Dutch
Now there is a lot of talk about why rusichi called to rule foreigners and they called them at all.Maybe someone really been profitable show Russian idiot, and in centuries.Radzivilovsky chronicle of calling Vikings says.And it is also in some doubt in its non-engagement.Other researchers, who also do not like the fact of appeal to the reign of foreigners, they say, referring to the VNTatishcheva that Rurik was generally Slavs and spoke a Slavic language.Others wonder why VNTatishchev, industrialists and economists, and even a descendant of Rurik, was assigned to work on the history of Russia.They believe that a great many facts in her mystified.
