March 19, 1629 was born the second king of the new Russian imperial dynasty - Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.Historical portrait of the ruler draws quite a stupid way, skillful and tolerant monarch.
Youth Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov
Biography Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov is very interesting.His mother was ELStreshneva - the daughter of humble petty boyars.Before the age of five was under the supervision of Alex numerous mamok and nurses.Boyar BIMorozov became a mentor to the young king.For six years the king seized a diploma, the first books he read were: the Breviary, the Acts of the Apostles, the Book of Psalms.Alex loved reading so that by the age of 12 had his own children's library.Among his favorite books there Cosmography, vocabulary and grammar, published in the Duchy of Lithuania.Among his children's toys were German masters armor, musical instruments, printed sheets (pictures).Loved Alexis and mobile occupations, from childhood he was interested in falconry, and in adulthood, even wrote a treatise on falconry.Biography Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov indicates enormous influence that the trustee had on his ward.By the age of fourteen young Alexis he was presented to the people, and at sixteen years old, after the death of his father and mother came to the throne.
first years of the reign
Board Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov began in 1645.Youth and inexperience at the beginning of the ruler was so great that all the important and urgent issues of governance concentrated in the hands of B.I.Morozova.But an excellent education and talent ruler made themselves felt, and soon accept government decisions was himself Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.Historical portrait of his reign those years outlines the complexities and contradictions of internal and foreign policy of Russia.Active involvement in governing the country foreign advisers gave rise to reforms.
At this time appears the character of the king.Educated, friendly and easy going person - that in the eyes of his contemporaries looked Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.Nicknamed "Quietest" was deservedly king.But if necessary, he could have the will, determination, and sometimes even cruel.
Conciliar The Code
reforms Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov initiated the establishment of Council Code - the first code of laws of the Russian state.Before that refereeing in Russia was guided by different, often contradictory decrees themselves, extracts and orders.To adopt the Legal Code of the king pushed Salt Riot caused by new duties on salt.The instigators of the emperor offered to fix the rules of trade with salt and convene a Provincial Assembly.At the time, the king was forced to make concessions, but after the adoption of Law Code Zemsky Sobor has lost its authority and was soon dissolved.
Marriage king
Soon after ascending to the throne of the king, found a bride.She was Maria Miloslavskaya Ilinichna - girl from an old and noble boyar family.While the kings were not looking for brides abroad, and chose their wives from successful boyars' houses.For the opportunity to intermarry with native royal fought several boyars.In the Assumption Cathedral to pray the king he saw the maiden Mary Miloslavskys kind.It is unlikely that the meeting was accidental.Whatever it was, the marriage was a success and long-term.Before her death the king honored his queen, was an exemplary family man and had made with her thirteen children, three of them were later rulers of the country.
Church split
influence of the church at the beginning of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich was so great that the Patriarch Nikon was granted the title of "great ruler."So, the king recognized the equality of power between themselves and the ruler of the church.But it displeased the boyars as Nikon required them to complete obedience and absolute non-interference in the affairs of the church.But, as time has shown, this sopravlenie had its significant shortcomings.Nikon held that the right to tell the king how to administer affairs of state.The effect on the king and the aristocracy nobility declined.The origins of this influence is to be found in education, which was Aleksei Mikhailovich Romanov.Historical portrait and notes contemporaries show us the image of a very God-fearing, religious man.Reduce the impact of Nikon can be only one way.At the beginning of 1658 the Kazan Cathedral priest turns to the king with a direct question: "How long put up with such an enemy of God?" And the king was not a humiliating reproach, than those who infringe his kingship and doubted the credibility of the autocracy.The confrontation was inevitable, and eventually led to a split.The formal reason was an insult Nikon boyars, after which he publicly distanced himself from the dignity of the patriarch and retired to a monastery.In 1666, the Ecumenical Council deposes Nikon officially denies his dignity.Since the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov was really an autocratic, and it distributes its authority even on the church.
Policy Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov
External relations of particular interest to the king.Please centurion Cossack Khmelnytsky about to stop polyatskuyu intervention was heard autocrat.Zemsky Sobor in 1653 received citizenship Ukrainian Cossacks and promised them military support.In May 1654, Russian troops marched and occupied Smolensk.By order of the king, in the spring of 1654 military actions were continued, and the city of Kovno, and Vilna became brodni Russian.Swedish war was begun, which ended in defeat.Troubles in Ukraine, which began shortly after the death of Khmelnytsky, demanded a resumption of hostilities with Poland.January 8, 1654 at Pereiaslav Rada was finally fixed Ukraine's entry into Russia.Much later, in 1667, Poland agreed on new boundaries, and the treaty of accession of Ukraine to Russia has become recognized internationally.Successfully conducted the protection of southern borders of the state, were built cities like Nerchinsk, Irkutsk, Seleginsk.
rebellious age
Many decisions related to the development of Siberia and the expansion of the country, personally Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov.Historical portrait of the autocrat of all Russia would be incomplete without understanding the internal contradictions and the most severe stress, with whom he had a chance encounter during the reign.It is no accident the 17th century would later be called "rebel" because of the constant revolts of the perturbing state.Particularly worth mentioning rebellion of Stepan Razin, the suppression of which had to spend a lot of time and effort.
Economic policy of the king encouraged the creation of manufactures and expansion of foreign trade.The king patronized Russian trade, protecting the domestic market from foreign goods.There were mistakes in economic policy.Rash decision on equating the cost of copper money to silver led folk Murmurs and led to the devaluation of the ruble.
last years of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich
After the death of his beloved wife of the king married again.His choice was NKNaryshkin, gave him three children, including the future Emperor Peter 1 King paid great attention to education and instructed the Ambassadorial decree translated foreign literature and various scientific works into Russian.Among the close of the king were many of those who read the books of ancient writers, had its own library, and fluent in foreign languages.The second wife of the king was fond of the theater, and for her the palace has been specially created its own small theater.Alexis died at age 47.
Results of Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov
Results reign of this king can be described as:
- strengthen the autocracy - the king's power was no longer restricted to the Church.
- was complete enslavement of the peasants.
- arose Conciliar The Code, which became the beginning of the judicial reforms in Russia.
- As a result, the board of the king to expand the boundaries of the Russian state - was joined by Ukraine and started the development of Siberia.
