Not one word of the Russian language in the proposal can not exist independently.In order for the statement to be meaningful, there must be a connection between all its parts.This relationship is called syntax, which is formed by the case system of the Russian language.Number of cases of ten, but six are taught in school, but in a simple speech, they all used in full, although they are controversial declensional status.
role of cases
As a bond of words in the sentence?What part of speech tend?As new forms of speech?How to put the issues between the members of a sentence?What declensional questions adjectives, nouns and other parts of speech?These and many other topics related to this section of the Russian language teaching in schools, beginning with the third grade.In the Russian language changed, or leaning on cases such parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective and numeral.Moreover, it is expressed in a change closure.In order to determine the case of any of the words, to put it declensional question.
actually learn to understand the topic is not difficult.To do this, the children offer interesting and even funny poems, every word beginning with a capital letter of the list of cases.For example: Ivan He that begetteth girls Ordered Drag diaper.
Case system of Russian
Depending on the functions performed by a noun can change on cases.This process is called declination, and thanks to him at the words in a sentence have syntactic role and communicate with each other.Otherwise, would it be only a list of vocabulary.Here declensional questions of the Russian language, which define the role of a noun in a sentence:
nominative, or MI.p.- master house - who?what?
genitive, or R. n. - The master at home - anyone?What?
Dative or D. n. - The master, the house - to whom?What?
accusative, or B. n. - Master house - whom?what?
Instrumental or T. n. - The master, the house - by whom?what?
Prepositional or P. p.- about a master of a house - for whom?about what?
all Cases, except the nominative, are called "indirect" and can be employed with the pretext and without it (this is the official part of the speech is to clarify the meaning of the word).The exception here is the only prepositional case that one of the whole list is used exclusively with the preposition.
Introducing students with this system starts each time the same pattern: first, children are encouraged to determine the method of selection declensional question after voicing the name of case, and finally the role of words in a sentence, namely, how a member of the proposal it is primary or secondary.
nominative
main feature here is that the word in the singular in the nominative case is always the initial form.In the same sentence, whether singular or plural words always act as grammatical foundations, namely the subject.
example: "Boy (declensional question - who?) Is (doing what?) To school."Here, the phrase "boy goes" is a grammatical basis, and the word "boy" is in the nominative case.
But to make such a proposal, which would not be subject in the nominative case, it is simply impossible.
genitive
biggest difficulty here is that the table of case issues has similar question words, particularly with regard to the genitive and accusative.And then come to the aid prepositions.For example, prepositions "no", "y", "to," "from" "from", "to" be used only with the words of P. p. As a rule, they are included in the question itself.
example:
- «Walks without slippers (no what?)."
- «fish soup (from what?)."
- «The girl was from her grandmother (from whom?)."
Dative
This definition form of the word a little easier, but then there are also declensional and semantic issues.What does it mean?
For example: "The children are jumping on the corridor (for what? - Declensional question, where? - Sense)."
It is important to distinguish between these types of questions, because, using semantic form, will not be able to correctly identify deaths.
is also worth noting that the preposition "to" is used only to D. n., While the "on" can occur with B. n., And D. n., And P. p.
accusative
this case forms may also be some difficulty because of the defining issues of his.Because they are similar to the nominative and dative.
For example, you can take an interesting proposal, which reads as follows:
«Mouse saw a mouse."- We are here talking about a mouse that saw the mouse, but some of the words will be subject to?If you complete this offer, we get: "Mouse saw a mouse, chicken and duck."It becomes immediately clear which of the words is part of the grammar basics.That is why the Russian language is often subject to predicate.So, it is clear that one of the words is in I. p., But how to determine the shape of the second?It R. n., Or B. n.?Again, you need to turn to the arguments.There should not pull the words out of context, it is necessary to put the question directly from the predicate - "Mouse saw (who? What?) The mouse."
With the words in the accusative used such excuses: "about", "through", "through", "on".
Instrumental
Generally, the words used in the instrumental case, directly connected with the predicate and are used with prepositions "on" and "off".Therefore, in the first sentence of isolated grammatical base, and then determine the case forms the secondary members.However, it also happens that the proposal could be the basis of incomplete grammar.And here it is important to grasp the context of possible predicate.For example: "Squirrel friends with bumps, cat and mouse, with the grass and hare."
basis of proposals from "friends of protein", "cat" and "hare" - from the context it is clear that in all parts of the proposal may be to use one verb - "friends."Put away the question "who?".On declensional questions are answered by the words "mouse" and the words "grass."
Prepositional case
This nominative has its own characteristics: the words are not used without prepositions.There are also pop semantic issues that need to learn to sift through.For example:
- «The boy drew (where? What?) In the album tree."
- «Cucumbers grow (where? To what?) In the garden."
- «Wolves are found (where? What?) In the woods."
question is always put together with the use of a pretext in the sentence.
Other Cases
addition to the six major plagues, which are included in the school curriculum, there are so-called additional cases.
- vocative or vocative.Typically, this form is used when referring to any person.For example: Anya - Im.p. and Anh - vocative.This case is not newly formed, and its forms have survived from ancient times until today, in the words, "Lord, Lord", "Starch", "Father" and so on.
- Quantitatively-ablative, floats, or second genitive.As a rule, the school all forms of mortality attributed to the genitive.
- local or locative.This form is often replaced by prepositional, but in some cases they can be divided.For example, "a closet" - what?and "in the closet" - where?
- source, or ablative.In this case, the noun refers to the place or the start of the movement and released only to the local accent.For example, "I came out of the woods."
study of this material in the school curriculum special attention.And it is clear: knowing the intricacies of the relationship of words in a sentence, you can be sure of literacy of speech, of the correctness of all endings.This will avoid many blunders in conversation and in writing, which is very important in our time of great education and technology.
