Dobaev KD, Ph.D., professor Director TSPPO KAO
the issue of the loan program in universities of Kyrgyzstan
According to the decree of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic in August 2011,, "On the establishment of a two-tier structure of higher education of the Kyrgyz Republic" universities are moving to a two-tier system of specialist training.The same decree regulated the transition to credit technology of training in secondary and higher vocational education.
universities now will prepare bachelors and masters, except for some specialties.And, this procedure is more or less clear.There is another problem, namely the transfer of the entire system of vocational education on credit technology.What it is and what are the basic principles of this system of education?It should say at once that this is a new paradigm of education, a new culture of education.When credit technology we move away from traditionally established system when a student went on schedule for classes.Students up to six hours a day had to attend the lectures or group sessions.In other words, he was the object of influence, where he was assigned a passive role in the learning process.For the student decides how many classes he should visit and how many examinations and tests must pass at the end of the semester.The student does not have the right to deviate from the set course, everything had to take place strictly according to the curriculum, schedule, according to the schedule of the educational process.
When the credit system of study, students are given the freedom of choice of educational disciplines, courses and even a teacher.In the first lessons the student receives a syllabus with all complex issues, tasks, assignments, tests for self-examination, and this program is called "Syllabus."Word syllabus for us a new concept.Many educators are not yet fully aware of the basic components of syllabuses, and therefore believe that the syllabus is the same work program.In fact it is not.Working program is for the department, the dean's office.The structure of all work programs was the same: the theme, the number of hours on the study of a topic, a list of references.The document was required the Department to monitor and track the implementation of the curriculum.
syllabus drawn up for the student, and it is focused on the student.Each student receives a syllabus at the first lesson.Syllabus may be made to a single academic discipline or training modules.Syllabus is like a kind of itinerary, and so the student builds its learning activities according to the syllabus.In other words syllabus is, in some measure, a guide for the development of the discipline or module.And so there is the same shape and structure of the syllabus.Each syllabus is unique and provides a specific goal for the formation of certain skills.The teacher acts as a consultant to guide a student's work.The student can pass or early stretch is fun for a few years.Do you want to learn - and learn, not - your business.
first with what confronted the teacher in teaching on the loan program - is the lack of time.If the lessons of the old technology lasted almost half an hour, is now about fifty minutes.The fact that the state educational standards, though made on the basis of competence, but are the traditional form of themes that are designed for two academic hours, now we have to meet with them in less time.Each academic discipline or module has one to ten credits.According to government regulations, where a loan is defined in 30 hours, including 20 hours of going on a lecture, group work and ten hours for consultation, independent and individual work.This time pressure to give lectures in a traditional style, that is,presentation of the highlights of the content of the discipline - has become unacceptable.Credit education technology does away with the old methods of lecturing, and their replacement by a guideline on what is necessary to pay attention to the lecture material, that is the nature of the lecture should be mounting and guidance only.A student from a passive listener becomes an active participant, but rather an accomplice lectures.To some extent the student already knows the subject, because the problem on his hands he has a syllabus, and possibly with some provisions of the lecture topics he knows, moreover he has a question to the teacher.Of course, it motivates the student to the educational process, but the teacher has an incentive to be more productive.Time when the teacher came and went chastised not interested in the assimilation of the lecture material should go into the past.
new form of training involves binding material and technical equipment, computer classes, multimedia, Internet, satellite TV, a large library.He is a student at any time can find the interesting stuff, go to the computer lab and do individual work.But, unfortunately, in this respect, our universities great problems.The first and main problem in high schools does not create appropriate conditions for the productive work of students, and teachers.Many universities are virtually no modern computer classes with free Internet access.And where there are classes schedule, from 7 to 18 pm, and the availability of these classes are a great problem for most students.Some universities do not even have your own site.And if there is something she does not actually work, that is, we are referring to is not updated, etc.Meanwhile, when the loan program, each teacher, the student must have their access to the Internet.
Another important problem is the organization of educational process.What do we mean?First of all, "zakovannost" educational process, his clumsiness, isolation from the real achievements of scientific and technical progress, social development, stable educational disciplines for decades, the traditional approaches to the educational process, ie university education is directed not to the formation of competencies and fluencythe opportunity to deepen the general and special education and skills, and learning the material for the exams and tests, resulting diplomas, which can not operate their same knowledge, and in fact we have moved on credit technology, which involves fundamental changes in the educational process.When the proportion of credit technology of independent and individual work has grown significantly, and therefore the learning process should be organized so as to provide the maximum opportunity for independent and individual work of students.It remains whether the time for it, and in general, there will be enough at the first-year students in particular to engage in off-hour exposure Jota to five hours a day?We do not consider that it is necessary to eat, to get to the house, etc.It is necessary to give up all to engage in, which is what the students.They just go to class and sit them.
next problem is very low level of schooling.Most "pervoshey" almost no skills of independent learning activities are not formed at a sufficient level reading and writing skills.There are no large-skills of scientific texts and did not formed competencies that are needed for successful learning in higher vocational education.We will not list all the disadvantages of schooling, but only say that such students not less than two-thirds of the total population.One thing is clear - the higher education programs, many applicants enrolled for the first year, "too tough", and even more so when a student according to the credit system itself should decide their own paradigm of educational activities.It turns must first learn to learn.The need for knowledge in a vacuum can not be.Therefore, the student must know to understand what he said knowledge as the founder of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates knowledge: "I know that I know nothing", but because I want to know.Learn skills are laid during the school years, but as practice shows, the school fails to fulfill this mission.Needed reform of the content of school education and technology training.In recent years, the Ministry of Education in cooperation with the Kyrgyz Academy of Education are taking concrete steps to reduce the content of school education and improve learning technologies, but "things are there."When we talk about reducing the volume of the school program, we first of all have in mind the technical reduction of certain subjects of the school curriculum.The reformers of education can not understand that the reduction or increase in hours of school subject will not change anything.We need a radical reorganization of the whole school.In this respect, the transition to the curriculum had a chance to change the whole paradigm of school education.but unfortunately as the curriculum is implemented in primary schools shows that like the best and it turned out as always.And this was due to unprofessional approach unprofessional people is implementing a curricular approach in school education.And so in the near future any major changes in the school is not expected.What is the solution for schools?
first. on first and second courses to strengthen general education, perhaps it is not the task of the university, but there is no alternative.Kohl you score and enrolled for the first year be kind enough to make up for school space, because at the undergraduate whatever aces were not professional teachers and special educational disciplines the result is zero.It's no wonder they say "First AzI and beeches, and then science."
second. Stop receiving shaft and release of students in higher education and vocational training.Enough to produce graduates lumpen are not in demand on the labor market.Enough to enroll students from all and sundry.The fact that the Ministry of Education every year sets the minimum threshold for entering the results of ORT, in our opinion is a mechanism which only increase corruption component for admission to higher education.Everyone who wanted to enroll in high school are enrolled.In general, the results of ORT can not give an objective assessment of educational achievements of graduates of secondary schools.ORT estimates only one in logical thinking ability, but not the knowledge that have been acquired during their school years on a particular subject.Therefore, enrollment in higher education institutions should take into account many factors, including actual knowledge of academic disciplines.In general, experience shows that for more than a decade of experience as a result of enrollment ORT quality of higher education has not improved, but has fallen sharply.
We are not against ORT, but only the results of ORT enrollment of higher education, is considered insufficient.ORT in the form in which it is functioning well, as one of the mandatory tests on a par with other forms of assessment of educational achievements of high school graduates.
third. Register, counseling and monitoring of students' progress in the credit system should be clearly worked out.When training departments to create the reception desk, where many of the functions of educational management transferred to this department.Front Desk provides:
- availability of information on the personal data of students and academic;
- scheduling for all directions;
- semester preparation and support of the registration process of students in the subjects offered;
- Accounting students pay for tuition;
- control of the academic advancement of students;
- preparing for the release of students;
- the confirmation of degrees, and other information;
- daily work with students and faculty;
- creating and maintaining databases;
- preparation of statistical and analytical data for internal and external use;
- development and implementation of innovations to improve the system;
- development directions.
The department must work a minimum of three persons - the head of department, coordinator of the sector and the schedule of registration and specialist databases.If a small institution, the only one of the registration, and if a large university - in each faculty, that is,function deanery transferred to the department of registration.
fourth. Quality Assurance and support to students.What do we mean - effective counseling support for students.The Institute is obliged to have an effective system for the consulting support to students, which helps them to obtain the necessary information and assistance, as well as helping in the implementation of their educational objectives.Teachers and other staff responsible for carrying out this work have to be promptly informed and prepared to perform their duties.Mandatory availability of all resources required for the full consultancy support to students, regardless of the rate of student status.
