In order to understand what are the institutions of the political system, on which the components are divided and what are essentially political system, we must first understand the terminology.
the political system is the set of activities of all political subjects related to the implementation of government, their relationship and interaction, based on the value-normative foundation.Synonymous with "political system" is the term "political organization of society."
Simply put, the political system is considered the unity of the state, legal, social, political institutions and norms, as well as mutual activity of subjects of policies conducive to the exercise of power and government.
Despite the fact that the political system - it is an indivisible whole, it is like any structure is divided into components, which are called subsystems or spheres.
subsystems of the political system:
- Institutional.The main place it occupies in the state, except for a subsystem consists of the main political institutions, the media, churches, community groups, the relationship between them.Keep in mind that the institutions of the political system - it happened historically stable formations, the complex rules, regulations (formal and informal), plants, etc., designed to organize the political system.Political institutions - is not a political organization.
institutions of the political system, in turn, are divided into relational, regulatory, cultural.Relational define role-based division of the political system, the legal framework determined by regulatory, cultural responsible for the interests of certain sectors or groups as a whole.Cultural institutions are closely linked to the concept of "political role".
- regulatory matters (subsystem) is responsible for the cultural, legal, moral life of society, regulates political life, it supports cultural traditions.
- functional subsystem is a set of methods for the exercise of power.
- Communicative involves all kinds politvzaimodeystviya.
- determines the ideological political ideas and ideology.
- Cultural subsystem - is a set of specific political models for society, values, attitudes, modes of behavior, purposes.It politkultura contributes to the stability of the social system, the continuity of political life, the succession of political generations.
If we consider the types of political systems, we can distinguish:
- totalitarian political system.This system of closed type, based on the power of the ruling party, which is the core of the system.The state represented by officials who are fully responsible for the distribution of the products of labor.The distribution corresponds to the place of position in society, and the individual is in the total subordination of the team.Public organizations spend only a policy of the ruling party.Any dissent is harshly suppressed.
- liberal-democratic types of political systems characterized by openness.They allow private ownership, market relations in the economy, pluralism and the presence of multi-party politics, legal behavior and the presence of democratic institutions.These types of political systems involve all political actors on the basis of the constitution.Objective - to ensure the broad interests of the entire society.
- Transitional types of political systems characterized by mixing conflicting (and sometimes conflicting) phenomena and processes.During the transition period might neighborhood pluralism and political tolerance, the pursuit of reforms and attempts to keep the old order.The state transition systems can either promote new ideas, aspiring to the evolution of the state, or prevent this phenomenon.
there are some other classifications of political systems.Some political scientists distinguish authoritarian and conservative, traditional, communist.Others divide them into continental European, Anglo-American, totalitarian.The basis of the various classifications put different approaches: political, administrative, economic.
