political development - is to increase the ability of the political system to adapt to new social objectives to the creation of new institutions that provide more effective communication honey government and the population.
Earlier issues involved in the development of the political representatives of the general sociological trends, and it was called the "sociology of development".With regard to methodological foundations, they laid F.Tennis, Max Weber and Talcott Parsons.Under the direction stood out traditional and modern types of societies.The structure of the first type plays a major role tradition and habit, because it is characterized by relative stability.In modern society, the main structural element is a person, not a group, he chooses his place of work and residence, and the scope of activities is outside the family.
Political development is directly linked with the analysis of the political process on the part of its global dimension.This concept appeared in the scientific use of the twentieth century, in the second half, and was intended to reflect the dynamics of political life and its major changes.
There are certain criteria that concept, which has allocated Pai (USA).They are as follows:
- structural differentiation.
- Increasing system capacity for mobilization and survival.
- political development aimed at establishing equal rights of participation of the people in the state.
principles of this concept are different from the peculiarities of development in social and economic terms.In particular, the development of the policy is irreversible and has its own criteria.It is also typical that this process can not be the same in different systems.
note that political development is not always changed synchronously.Sometimes the tendency to equality leads to a decrease in efficiency of the second.Very often, ensuring an adequate level of economic development leads to the limited political representation and expression of the interests of the group.
political development and modernization - are two interrelated concepts.Thus, under the modernization understand a set of processes by which develops new political demands as an opportunity to maintain regular changes.This is due to the development of many similar qualities that are inherent in modern systems, and are essential conditions for modernization.
Political modernization is characterized by several evolutionary stages:
- origin of the concept, which occurred in the 50-60-ies of the 20th century.Its main directions at this time were as follows: the democratization of the political system based on the Western model, active mutual work between developed and developing countries.
- second half of the sixties, which is characterized by the definition of the main shortcomings of the initial research in the field of political modernization.Attempts to correct these errors led to the development of a qualitatively different understanding of this process.
- end of the 70s of the twentieth century, the concept has become a general model of the development of civilization, the basis of which lay in the description of the transition from traditional to modern society features.At that time, modernization theory developed Almond, Verba and Pye.
Political development is different from the political modernization of the fact that:
- second concept is applicable to states which are in transition to the industrial and postindustrial society.
- Modernization is directly related to the concepts of social mobilization and political participation, rather than to the formation of political institutions.
