typology of political regimes can be built on the basis of different approaches to the definition of this category.In this matter, there are many opinions, often the opposite.For example, Robert Dahl, determining the types of political regimes based on the following criteria: the degree of citizen participation in government and the ability to compete for power.He distinguishes polyarchy, competitive oligarchy and the hegemony of two types - open and closed.Last imposes the most stringent restrictions.Hegemony prohibit even the slightest manifestation of opposition.Oligarchy allow competition, but only one that is not beyond the elite.For democracy are closest polyarchy.In addition, there are also mixed types of policy regimes.
Some researchers refer to an independent group liberalizes, one-party, military, transitional, quasi-democratic forms of government.So I considered, such as Samuel Huntington.He outlined the following types of political regimes: military, one-party, racial oligarchy and personal dictatorship.That is, the classification depends on how the challenges facing the analysis of a particular form of government.
Still, the most widely used types of political regimes proposed by Juan Linz, scientists from the United States.He believed that there are only five: authoritarian, democratic, sultanistic totalitarian and post-totalitarian.All of them are ideal, which have their own characteristics.Signs of political regime allow to distinguish it from other types.Juan Linz has identified four such criteria.This is the level of pluralism in society, political mobilization, the constitutionality of the government and the degree of indoctrination.
One regimes for the existence of a need to mobilize the masses, who have supported them.These include a totalitarian and post-totalitarian.Others did not even seek to involve their citizens in the policy.The level of political pluralism begins with the concentration of power in one person.When the level of free monism is very limited, the managing only one figure.The highest degree of indoctrination of the population, of course, in a post-totalitarian societies and totalitarian regime of government.Constitutional authorities - is whether or not it has restrictions on the use of their powers, as well as the tightness of formal way.The boundaries and restrictions can be fixed, and in the traditions, ideologies, customs and religion.So, it limits the powers of government are in different kinds of democratic (constitutional) modes.Unconstitutional they have therefore not limited by anything.
discussed below are some features of non-democratic forms of government.
Under a totalitarian regime a certain group promotes and supports the leader on the individual, and which closes the entire political system.To ensure his dominance, such methods and means of propaganda and public violence.Nationalization exposed to all facets of society, even private relationships.Often, even the ruling authorities are repressed as a prophylactic measure: that others were afraid to teach it.
authoritarian regime, by definition, Juan Linz, has the following features:
1) a political free-limited;
2) clearly developed ideology is absent;
3) political mobilization is not present, the population is almost not involved in the life of society;
4) border leader (power elite) formally designated and predictable.
Based on these criteria, authoritarianism has divided into several varieties:
-voenno-bureaucratic regime;
-korporativny authoritarianism;
-dototalitarny;
-postkolonialny;
-rasovaya democracy.
