typology allows political parties to understand their role in public life and politics in general.
In modern political science widespread division on the basis of class and social foundations.According to this criterion are the following games:
1. Class.In many states, there are those parties which advocate the interests of any class or stratum of the population.
2. Those who represent multiple classes or social groups.For example, in Denmark the conservatives advocate populist demands of the industrial and financial capital, as well as the interests of the landlords and the nobility.
3. Party of particular social strata or groups.
modern typology of political parties developed in the mid-20th century, a political scientist Maurice Duverger in France.He singled out the so-called binary classification, which takes into human and mass parties.The basis of this principle is the view of relations between the people and the Party, as well as the internal structure.
In addition to these, there are several classifications, which in today's world popular.So, among them the following:
1. Typology of political parties on the ideological orientation, according to which the classification is on the right, left and center.
2. Separation according to the nature of activities and the content of the goals and objectives.There are four types of parties: revolutionary, conservative, reactionary and reformist.
3. Differentiation in place in the government: the ruling and opposition.
4. Types of parties under the terms of the activity: legal, semi-legal and illegal.
There is also a division between authoritarian and democratic, secular and religious, etc.
At the time, American sociologist developed a classification of political parties, which also received international recognition.He shared them according to functional and organizational criteria.As a result of the types of political parties highlighted the following:
1. belonging to the avant-garde type that stood out during the development of the labor movement.Political analysts believe that if this kind achieve power, he quickly succumbs to the influence of the bureaucracy and become a part of the administrative system.
2. Election of the party.Their purpose - election campaigns.As a rule, these batches membership is not fixed, and are not issued membership cards and are not charged fees.Financial resources based on the voluntary contributions of individuals, companies and any organization, as well as allocations from the state budget.
3. Parliamentary parties.If we consider the functionality, it is similar to the electoral parties.But their task more varied and cover the mechanism of parliamentary activity: the development of the principles of the election campaign, the study of public opinion, which concerns the living standards of the population and its various spheres, as well as the selection of appropriate candidates and their preparation for the election race.
4. Party-community (clubs).They are mass organizations which unite citizens with common cultural needs and views, and then with similar political predilections.
5. «Pocket" party.They are few in number of its members.They create a failed leaders and orient them on their program to implement the selfish aspirations and the desire to gain a foothold.The leaders of the parties themselves determine the line of her behavior and use an unlimited influence.
Note that any typology of political parties presented does not exclude the other, and there are cases of their combination, it becomes an excellent basis for the analysis of their activities.
