chemically hazardous objects - are objects (whether laboratory, institution or company), which is a place of storage, processing, use or transportation of hazardous chemicals that could harm the health of the population bliznahodyaschegosya.And the number of the transported substances chemically dangerous objects exceeds the threshold, and their destruction may be contaminated with human beings, animals and the environment in general.Chemically dangerous objects are the chemical, oil, meat and dairy, food processing, cold storage facilities and a base located on their refrigeration systems that use ammonia.In addition, chemically dangerous objects - a water treatment and pulp and paper mills, which in the course of their work using chlorine, as well as ports and railway stations, which are the path where the rolling stock with chemically hazardous substances.Also for this type of objects is absolutely any transport - be it a bicycle or an airplane, which carries chemically dangerous goods.Chemically dangerous objects and institutions are scientific, medical or educational type, which have their own chemical lab.Here you can add more and warehouses, bases and other facilities that store chemicals, and landfills, where "rest" of chemically hazardous substances, and other industrial waste.Most often in such dangerous objects used acid (nitric and sulfuric), hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon disulfide, chlorine and other chemicals.
Classification of chemically dangerous objects can be carried out on different grounds:
- toxicity;
- number;
- storage technology emergency chemically hazardous substances;
- operating characteristics (producing or consuming emergency chemically hazardous substances).
chemically dangerous objects also divided into 4 classes.
| Classes | number of people entering the zone of infection by chemical accidents (thousands) | radius sanitary protection zone surrounding the object (in meters) | percentage of the population that is still infected in the area of the alleged chemical contamination |
| 1st | more than 75 | 1000 | more than 50 |
| 2nd | 75-40 | 500 | 50-30 |
| third | less than 40 | 300 | 30-10 |
| 4th | 0 | 100 | less than 10 |
Feature chemically hazardous objects is not comforting gives information about their safety.Any emergency chemically hazardous substance can easily "intrude" into the environment, causing mass poisoning among this population.And it turns out they thus harm the outside world due to the physico-chemical and toxic properties of these substances.The most important and crucial here properties like ignition temperature, flash point and freezing point, aggregation state, corrosiveness, solubility, viscosity, density, heat of evaporation, volatility, diffusion coefficient, and hydrolysis of the saturated vapor pressure.But there are many other properties, also play a role in the "life" of these hazardous substances and, as a consequence, 0 in people's lives.
