Theocentrism medieval philosophy - is the picture of the world in which the cause and the center of being, its active and creative beginning, God spoke.The philosophy of the sixth - fifteenth centuries, had an obvious Christian religious orientation.
Stages of development of medieval philosophy:
1) Apologetics
Predteotsentrichesky Phase II - IV centuries ADAt this time, there was the first Christian literature in which to defend the basis of Christianity.
outstanding representative of this stage - Carthage Tertullian believed that hrstianskoy faith already contains ready-truth that needs no verification or proof.The basic principle of his teaching - "I believe because it is absurd."At this point, science and religion have in common.
2) Patristics
theocentrism Early Medieval Philosophy, IV - VIII century.At this time, the Church Fathers developed the foundations of Christian dogma.The source of all knowledge base was considered faith, and the only worthy goal for the human mind - the knowledge of God.
Augustine of Hippo (St. Augustine), the main work - "The City of God," "Confessions."In his writings, the philosopher tried to synthesize the ancient rationalism, idealism, and of the Christian faith, the faith of pushing to the fore.The basic principle of the doctrine: "I believe in order to understand."
all things, according to St. Augustine, is good just because it exists.Evil - is not a separate substance, and lack of, damage, oblivion.God - is the source of goodness, being, the highest beauty.
St. Augustine is considered the founder of the philosophy of history.According to him, in the course of history, mankind has formed two opposing "Castle": a secular state, which is the kingdom of sin, the devil, and the Christian church - another "town", which is the kingdom of God on earth.The historical course of the providence of God and lead mankind to the final victory of the kingdom of God as commanded in the Bible.
3) Scholastica
from the Greek."School", "scientist» - IX - XV century.The main feature of this period - an appeal to the rational methods when considering the super-rational objects, search for evidence of the existence of God.The main principle of scholasticism: "I understand, to believe."It formed the theory of "two truths", according to which science and faith do not contradict each other and coexist in harmony.Wisdom faith - is the desire to know God, and science - a means to that knowledge.
Bright representative scholastics - Thomas Aquinas (Aquinas).He believed that God - is the root cause and the ultimate goal of all things, a pure form, pure being.The merger and unity of form and matter gives rise to a world of separate individual phenomena.Higher phenomenon - is Jesus Christ, who united in himself the divine nature and clean body-material form.
Many concepts Aquinas in agreement with the teachings of Aristotle.
At scholastic science and religion have merged into one teaching, with the science serves the needs of religion.
principles of medieval philosophy:
1) Theocentrism medieval philosophy held at the confluence of religion and gave support to the Christian human behavior in the world.
2) the Bible was seen as the source of all knowledge about the world, nature and history.Based on this, a whole science about the correct interpretation of the Bible - exegesis.Accordingly, medieval philosophy, theocentrism were entirely ekzegetichny.
3) is safe.Teaching had value only when they were directed to the knowledge of God and the salvation of the human soul.Education was based on the principle of dialogue, erudition and encyclopedic knowledge of the teacher.
4) Theocentrism medieval philosophy was deprived of skepticism and agnosticism.Divine guidance and revelation can be known by insight, through faith.The physical world studied by science and divine nature - with the help of divine revelation.There are two basic truths: the divine and the mundane that theocentrism medieval philosophy symbiotic united.Personal salvation and the triumph of Christian truths settled on a universal scale.
