Introduction
If we carefully look at the nitrogen in the periodic table of chemical elements of Mendeleev, we can see that it has a variable valence.This means that the nitrogen forms several binary compounds with oxygen.Some of them have been discovered recently, and some - studied the length and breadth.There low stabil- and stable oxides of nitrogen.The chemical properties of each of these substances are completely different, so their study should be viewed as at least five of nitrogen oxides.This is about them and will be discussed in today's article.
Nitric oxide (I)
formula - N2O.Sometimes it can be called oksonitridom nitrogen, dinitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide, or laughing gas.
Properties
Under normal circumstances presented a colorless gas having a sweet smell.It can dissolve water, ethanol, ether, and sulfuric acid.If gazobrazny oxide monovalent nitrogen warmed to room temperature under pressure of 40 atm, then it was concentrated to a colorless liquid.It nesoleobrazuyuschy oxide decomposes during heating and shows itself in the reactions as a reducing agent.
Getting
This oxide is formed when heated dry ammonium nitrate.Another way to obtain it - the thermal decomposition of a mixture of "Sulphate + Nitric acid."
Application
used as a means for inhalation anesthesia, the food industry knows this oxide as an additive E942.It will also help improve the technical characteristics of internal combustion engines.
Nitric oxide (II)
formula - NO.It is found under the names of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen oxide and nitrosyl radical
Properties
Under normal conditions has the form of a colorless gas that is poorly soluble in water.It is difficult to liquefy, but in the solid and liquid states of this substance has a blue color.This oxide can be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen
Getting
It's pretty easy to get, it needs to be heated to 1200-1300oS mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.Under laboratory conditions, it is formed immediately upon several experiments:
- reaction of copper and 30% solution of nitric acid.
- reaction of ferric chloride, sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid.
- reaction with nitrous acid and hydriodic.
Application
This is one of the substances from which the nitric acid.
Nitric oxide (III)
formula - N2O3.It can also be called nitrous anhydride and nitrogen sesquioxide.
Properties
Under normal conditions, a liquid which has a blue color, and standard - a colorless gas.Pure oxide only exists in a solid state.
Getting
formed by the reaction of 50% nitric acid and solid oxide trivalent arsenic (also can be replaced with starch).
Application
With this material in the laboratory prepared nitrous acid and its salts.
Nitric oxide (IV)
formula - NO2.It can also be called nitrogen dioxide or brown gas.
Properties
latter name corresponds to one of its properties.After all, this is kind of an oxide or red-brown or yellowish liquid gas.He is characterized by a high reactivity.
Preparation
This oxide was prepared by reaction of nitric acid and copper, as well as during the thermal decomposition of the lead nitrate.
Application
With it produces sulfuric acid and nitric acid, oxidized liquid propellant and mixed explosives.
Nitric oxide (V)
formula - N2O5.Can occur under the names of dinitrogen pentoxide, nitroila nitrate or nitric anhydride.
Properties
Looks betsvetnyh very volatile crystals.They may melt at a temperature 32,3oS.
Getting
This oxide is formed when several reactions:
- Dehydration nitric acid oxide of pentavalent phosphorus.
- Transmission dry chlorine on silver nitrate.
- interaction of ozone with the tetravalent nitrogen oxide.
Application
Because of its extreme instability in its pure form is not used.
Conclusion
In chemistry, there are nine of nitrogen oxides, the above are only the classical compounds of this element.The remaining four - is, as mentioned above, the unstable substance.However, all of them are united by one feature - high toxicity.Emissions of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere lead to a deterioration of the health of people living in the vicinity of the industrial chemical industry people.Symptoms of poisoning by any of these substances - toxic pulmonary edema, disruption of the central nervous system and loss of blood, the cause of which - the binding of hemoglobin.Therefore, nitrogen oxides need to be handled carefully and in most cases to use protective equipment.
