Gauss theorem is one of the fundamental laws of electrodynamics, the structural part of the system of equations of another great scientist - Maxwell.It expresses the relationship between the flow of tension as the electrostatic and electrodynamic fields that pass through the surface of the closed type.Name Carl Gauss in the scientific world sounds no less loud than, for example, Archimedes, Newton and Lomonosov.In physics, astronomy and mathematics can be found not too many areas, the development of which is the most direct way did not help the brilliant German scientist.
Gauss theorem has played a key role in the study and understanding of the nature of electromagnetism.By and large it has become a kind of generalization and to some extent the interpretation of the well-known Coulomb's law.This is the case, is not so rare in science that the same phenomenon can be described and formulated differently.But Gauss theorem not only gained practical significance and practical application, it helped to look at the well-known laws of nature in a somewhat different perspective.
In some ways it has contributed to a grand breakthrough in science, laying the foundation of modern knowledge in the field of electromagnetism.So what is a Gauss theorem and what is its practical application?If you take a couple of static point charges, then swipe it to the particle will attract or repel a force that is equal to the algebraic sum of the values of all elements of the system.The voltage total combined field formed as a result of this interaction will be the sum of its individual components.This relationship became widely known as the principle of superposition, can accurately describe any system created raznovektornoe charges, regardless of the total number.
However, when these particles are so many, the scientists first in the calculations there were some difficulties that can not be resolved using the Coulomb law.It helped them overcome the Gauss theorem for the magnetic field, which, however, is valid for any power systems of charges with decreasing voltage proportional to r -2.Its essence boils down to the fact that any number of charges, surrounded by a closed surface, will have a total flux intensity equal to the total value of the electric potential of each point of the plane.At the same time the principles of interaction between the elements not taken into account, which greatly simplifies the calculations.Thus, this theorem allows us to calculate the field, even with an infinite number of electric charge carriers.
However, in reality this is only feasible in some cases, their symmetrical arrangement, where there is a convenient surface through which is easy to calculate the strength and intensity of the flow.For example, a test charge placed inside the spherical shape of the conductive body, will not have the slightest impact force, field strength indicator as there is zero.The ability to push the conductors of the various electric field is explained solely by the presence of charge carriers.In metals, the electrons perform this function.These features are now widely used in the art to generate different spatial regions in which there is no electric field.These phenomena are well explained Gauss theorem for dielectrics, whose influence on the system of elementary particles is reduced to the polarization of the charges.
To create such effects, it is enough to encircle a certain area of tension metal shielding grid.So protect against electric field-sensitive precision instruments and people.
