essence of any banking system - a collection of different types of credit institutions and national banks.Each country has its own distinctive features, but many states have common signs of building banking systems.Thus, the banking system in Germany, Japan and the United States are usually considered as different to each other.Each of them has its own characteristics.
Japanese banking system, despite its youth in comparison with American and European, is characterized by a fairly high level of development.The banks are assigned the role of the axial structure in all financial and industrial groups, in addition, they also unites some companies.The state's role in the regulation and supervision of the banking sector is quite strong.
Japanese banking system, which can be called modern, appeared after World War II.It is important to remember that it is built on the American model.In Japan, there are banks that can be safely attributed to the world's leading banks.Powerful financial-industrial groups, the heads of which are Japanese banks, carry a huge financial investment in Asia, Western Europe, Australia and the United States.
banking system in the market economy of the country plays an important role.It is represented by two units.The first - the Central Bank, which includes the political council, the executive auditor 3 and 8 advisers and three executive directors.The second link - commercial banks, have in mind the regional banks, city banks, trust banks, branches of foreign banks and new types of banks.The Central Bank is also called the Bank of Japan, its status and functions were determined by law in 1942.This law later upgraded twice, the last - in 1998.On the status of the Bank of Japan - a joint stock company.It has a number of functions.
first - the release notes.The central bank has unlimited monopoly on the issue of banknotes.With the consent of the Government Ministry of Finance sets the issue.Previously, it forces banks to keep reserves.But the new law has not put forward such claims to the formation of reserves, allowing the Central Bank to promote the balanced development of the Japanese economy by maintaining price stability.
second function - implementation of monetary policy.Every six months, the bank is obliged to report to the Parliament, supported by the Minister of Finance, on its monetary policy.But its development and conducting independent from any institution, ie the bank doing it yourself.
third function - ensuring the smooth and efficient functioning of the system of payments between credit institutions.The fourth function - monitoring and verification of the financial condition and management of all the provisions of the financial institutions.And fifth function - control of the credit sector, and ensuring absolutely smooth functioning of the whole system of payments and settlements by providing time-limited loans to credit institutions.
Until the 90s the country of the rising sun has been a major global lender.But then Japan's banking system began to experience the first signs of the crisis.Over the next twenty years, there were many problems associated with non-performing loans, the termination of its obligations by some banks, a liquidity crisis.In addition, a considerable blow Japan's economy has received as a result of numerous, the strongest natural disasters.
understand what the banking system in Japan, we can safely say - change of economic policy in this country is always carried out carefully and gradually.And this experience deserves to use it.
