Ancient Russia has become a cultural teacher of Europe.Her science style of government, etiquette and architecture admired far beyond the borders of the state.No wonder the princes were held in high esteem, and each of the rulers had the honor to be friends and to intermarry with them.
Ghost founder of the city
All words - this is the message.The message is left for future generations of ancestors.And the history of ancient Kiev is hidden in its name.
most famous legend about the founding of the city - the story of three brave brothers: Kiy, Cheek, Horeb and their beautiful sister Lybid.According to legend, the family at the end of the V century laid the first stones for the future of the city.In honor of his older brother and named the settlement.But scientific opinion is divided on the veracity of this theory.The former believe that the real historical figure was only a cue, and his brothers - a fantasy of the people.Second cast doubt on the existence of even older brother.In general, the ancient Kiev is not the only city that built the three brothers.Also in Europe it is scattered over hundreds of other ancient towns with the same root.Therefore, researchers and criticized the concept.
origin of the name
rejecting the myth of Kieu, scientists have found other explanations.Thus, in the Turkic language there is a word "Cove", which translates as "river"."Kiwi" on Sarmatian dialect means mountain.There is a very distant version.In her town took its name from the Prakrit (ancient Indian language), where the word "koyava" is translated as "the place of the throne."Given the fact that Kiev - the capital of ancient Russia - is located in a mountainous area on the bank of the Dnieper, and since its foundation has been the center of political elites, each of the explanations for the right to exist.
most is native Slavic interpretation.It is the name of the city from the word "cue" - that is, stick, staff.So the subject possessed magicians and princes, and Kiev called every city in which these people were.This explains the dozens of cities across Europe namesakes.
Heart Russia
actually Kievan Rus as a state did not exist.The term was coined by scientists in order to avoid confusion between Russia, formed in IX century and Muscovy, which is five centuries older.
While one of the largest states of medieval Europe, which was the center of ancient Kiev, called simply Russia.The territory inhabited by the Eastern Slavs, which later gave rise to the Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians.Much has been done towards the establishment of Government Commerce.The country appeared on the transport route from Scandinavia, the Dnieper down through the Black Sea to Byzantium.This road is called "route from the Vikings to the Greeks."
In the middle of the IX century in Novgorod was called Rurik to rule the Vikings.This was done with a purpose.The foreigner had to restore order.But other reliable sources confirming the words of the "Tale of Bygone Years" (mentioned in the chronicle of these events) is not.The representative of the new government has come to his people, called tiers.It went from the Vikings and the word "Russia".
first princes
In 862 arrived with Rurik Askold and Dir subjugated the ancient Kiev.According to other sources - these men were descendants of the famous Chia, who founded the city.
882 was a turning point in history.I came to Kiev prince Oleg.He was from the kind of Rurik.After his death became regent for his son Igor and began to reign in the Novgorod land.During his trips he came to Kiev and learned about who reigns there.Then he puts away his army, and caused the rulers to himself, calling himself a merchant.Askold and Dir were led to the bait and were subsequently executed by Oleg army.Regent Igor noticed that they were not the princely family, so do not have the right to sit on the throne.
Since ancient Kiev became the new capital, thus joining the two centers of the Slavs.It was Prince Oleg scientists believe the founder of Kievan Rus.
pagan culture
Long before the arrival of the Christian rulers of Kiev land inhabited by pagans, who had their own culture and architecture.
Eastern Slavs believed in the power of nature, worshiped them.Place of worship becomes energetically point where there is a strong mystical energy.As a rule, it was the hills.They arranged our ancestors temples.It was the first architecture of ancient Kiev.Usually in the middle stood the figure of a wooden or stone idol.There was an altar, to which the faithful offered up gifts.These temples have been found on the mountain of the Annunciation, which was a sacred place for the god of lightning Perun.
Ancient Slavs attached great importance to the mountains, though they lived mostly on the banks of rivers.In the hills they prayed and sacrificed.Until now preserved in Kiev where they worship.Usually it is a stone circle with the tabs on the four cardinal points.However, the temples were political centers, which addressed important issues.General geographical map of ancient Kiev opens all places of worship of the Old Believers.Each mountain has been the center of the ritual sacrifice.
There are allegations that the heathen temples were built a few years before the adoption of Christianity.
Pearl Christianity
With the advent of the princes popularized Christianity.It was the basis of the architecture of Russia and gave a new direction in the development of spiritual development.
earlier religious sites were built of wood.The first stone was the center of worship of the Church of the Tithes, which glorified the ancient Kiev.Photo reconstruction of this architectural masterpiece takes into account the description of the chronicles.You can read it in the Museum of History of Kyiv.
It was a miracle that affects their wealth and splendor.It was built about 989 years through taxes.For its construction were brought the best artists from Byzantium.She was also richly decorated inside.Number of mosaics, frescoes and icons are still not taken count.Feudal fragmentation was the beginning of its collapse.
Modern architecture
Kiev History of Kiev preserved ancient architecture to this day.The most striking example is the Saint Sophia Cathedral.The first stones were laid in 1037.Above it worked Constantinople and Slavic architects.In XVII-XVIII century, the cathedral was rebuilt in the Ukrainian Baroque style.In 1934, she became a museum - Sofia Reserve.
Scientists are still arguing about who was the initiator of the idea of building the church - Vladimir and his son Yaroslav.
Golden Gates - another architectural monument of Russia, which pleases today.Besides the cultural sense, the construction of bore security purpose.The city is actively built and demanded fortifications.The name comes from an analogue in Constantinople.
Architecture - a time machine that will show the ancient Kiev.Photos of objects can be found in the article, but it is best to see everything with my own eyes.
