1991, the Soviet Union.Looking back and trying to give a historical assessment of the events of 1991, we can safely say that our country destroyed by the same scenario that was used in Libya, Syria, Iraq, Egypt and now in Ukraine.Fortunately, many of the participants of the collapse of the USSR his memoirs wrote in his memoirs.It is well known that history is written by the winners.In this article, we try to get acquainted with different points of view on the events that led to the emergence of such a document as Belovezhskoe agreement in 1991.
Background events
In 1985, came to power a young, self-confident politician Mikhail Gorbachev.After all previous Secretaries-General of the elderly people treated him very favorably.But later his reform efforts drove the country into economic, political and even cultural crisis.Is becoming increasingly apparent stratification of the population in the country, the emergence of a new class of society - the oligarchy.In many republics increased nationalist sentiment, all at once suddenly wanted independence.
Gorbachev: a hero or a traitor?
Blame whether Gorbachev that appeared Belovezhskoe Agreement 1991?The budget of the Soviet Union was based largely on the sale of resources.The country is increasingly tied up in loans.Gradually before Gorbachev was a choice - either it carries out reforms that benefit the United States, and it is getting loans from the IMF, or acting on behalf of his country.He chose the first option.Also very popular view is that he came to power with the help of the United States.Initially, he had little chance as the majority of the members of the Political Bureau of the candidates tended to Romanov and Grishin.Long could not agree, so there were a few meetings.As a result, "suddenly" stopped at Gorbachev.Whatever it was, but he led the country to the point of no return, after which there was no return.
outside influence on the dissolution of the Soviet Union
sharply in many republics held local referenda on independence.Nothing like?Ukraine, for example?Sudden appearance of a bunch of misfits, demanding independence from Balaclava not alarming?Mikhail Gorbachev was trying to sit on two chairs at once.On the one hand, the country needs loans, and you can get them, putting into practice the reforms imposed, and on the other hand, he wanted the best for the Soviet Union.This is evidenced by the events of November 1990 and the decision of the All-Union Gorbachev hold a referendum to put in place presumptuous nationalists.
In November 1990, leaders of the three Baltic republics arrived in Paris for the signing of the Charter of the united Europe.And only thanks to protest Gorbachev expelled them from the hall.So you can not with 100% certainty that the fault for the dissolution of the Soviet Union lies entirely on him and he betrayed their homeland.Another question is on what basis these leaders all admitted to a meeting of the OSCE.All this shows that the situation tense artificially.Who benefits?
provocations in the Baltic
advantage of the fact that winter is entirely focused on the US military operation against Iraq, under the pressure of Kryuchkov, Pugo and Yazov Gorbachev gave the nod to the violent suppression of separatist actions in the Baltic States.And January 13, 1991 the Lithuanians took over the television center in Vilnius and erected barricades.Special forces "Alpha" was ordered to storm.Killed 13 "peaceful" residents in Balaklava.Live on all international channels, the picture went as military killing innocent unarmed people, who just want to independence and live in Europe.A week later, the situation is repeated in Riga.And in April in Moscow for "inspection" comes Nixon.Apparently, Gorbachev has ceased to hold Western masters - the game is introduced Yeltsin.A real persecution.Confrontation Yeltsin and Gorbachev reached an incredible sharpness.
agreed to the establishment of the CIS
Under US pressure, Gorbachev had to agree to the federalization of the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.He began to prepare the relevant contract (in effect this agreement will Belovezhskoe Agreement in 1991), which was the last straw for the power structures of the USSR.The country broke the August coup.Emergency Committee was established.It is worth noting that on television all three days of the coup broadcast ballet.
events of August 1991
19-21 August 1991.History is written by the winners, because it is natural that the information entered in the books as a coup attempt.But in fact it was an attempt to prevent the collapse of the country.Kryuchkov, Pugo, Boldin, Chenin, Baklanov, Pavlov, Yazov, and tried to seize power in their hands.Thrusting the president, they would forcibly subdue the country, who craved independence.Thus, they would retain the integrity of the country.But few know that the scheduled August 20 signed an agreement on creation of the CIS suit the leaders of all nine separatist-minded republics of the Soviet Union and kept in a consistent state.
The truth was that Gorbachev was able to negotiate with them.On the one hand, by agreeing to the creation of the CIS, Mikhail Gorbachev went on about the United States, on the other hand, the republic received the right to independence, but in the federation.Key issues would continue to decide for them Moscow.For several reasons, this scenario does not suit many people.Gorbachev and his family were placed under house arrest in Crimea (at the time he was resting on the sea).
As the hero of the Yeltsin did
of 21 August, the White House was preparing to storm the Kremlin.Yeltsin's planned seizure of power and convey of him in Zavidovo.But "suddenly" found a huge number of eager to cover him with their bodies.The White House was surrounded by a crowd of about 50 000 people.Think about it!Suddenly, a number of people stood up and went to the Kremlin.There's free watered and fed, handing out tea cakes, cooked food on an industrial scale.
course, they were the victims.Blood.Several people with Molotov cocktails (civilians) were under the tanks.So far it is not clear what purpose the tanks entered the Red Square.They are effective only on open areas.And the military staged a coup, could not do not know.Or was it simply an attempt to intimidate.Of course, Western correspondents were on duty at the ready, and you can easily imagine the picture in the air.Defense Minister Yazov faltered and gave the command to withdraw troops from Moscow.This ended the coup, and his assailants were in jail.
This case clearly shows that from the military rarely get competent and far-sighted policy.Most interesting is that after the release of the first calls made Gorbachev to Boris Yeltsin and George Bush.It also says a lot.After these events, he has changed a lot.His political credibility and fell with him, few people think.He looked pale against the backdrop hyped image of a confident, energetic Yeltsin.
Belovezhskoe agreement
lost confidence in Gorbachev Soviet republics began to massively take the declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.Now combine them into a federation was not possible.And the result of all this was signed on December 8 Belovezhskoe agreement in 1991.In other words, an agreement was signed on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States.Signature is not set Gorbachev and Yeltsin.
And if Gorbachev initially advocated federalization of the republics of the CIS, the Yeltsin with his signature gave them complete independence.Thereby he satisfied the desire of Western partners to bleed the country.Belovezhskoe agreement announced in 1991, the Union of Free Socialist Republics ceased to exist.
