historical periodization - irreplaceable thing in science and in everyday life.There are certain times that span specific time intervals.Their names were invented quite recently, after a man was able to see, in retrospect, to assess and divide by the steps of past events.Now we will look at all ages in order, find out why they were called that way and how they are characterized.
Why is there a historical chronology?
This method was developed by researchers with an ulterior motive.First, each individual period is characterized by specific cultural areas.For each age tend to their world, fashion, society structure, type of business building, and more.Considering the age of mankind in order, you can also draw attention to the fact that for each of them characterized by certain types of art.This music, art, and literature.Secondly, in the history of mankind were actually the so-called turning points when changes dramatically morality, established new laws.This, of course, entailed a change of preferences, which were shown in art.In such changes could affect the revolution, wars, scientific discoveries, the teachings of the great philosophers and leaders of the church.And now, before we look at all the historical periods in order, noted that such a radical change in our society has experienced recently.Scientific and technological progress completely turned our ideas about communication, information sources, and even the work.The reason for this is the Internet, without which a decade ago all got along, and today he is part of everyone's life.
Antique period
history of primitive society, we omit as a single ideology at the time, religion, or at least writing system did not exist.Therefore, when considering the era of humanity in order, it begins with the ancient period, since at that time there were the first state, the first laws and morals, as well as art, which we've covered so far.Period began around the end of the 8th century BC.e.and lasted until the year 456 - the date of the fall of the Roman Empire.At this time, there was not only a polytheistic religion with a clear fixation of all deities, but also a system of writing - Greek and Latin.Also during this period originated in Europe is such a thing as slavery.
Middle Ages
Even when the school is considered in order of age, paying special attention to the study of the Middle Ages.The period began in the late 5th century, but the date of his graduation, at least roughly, does not exist.Some believe that it ended in the middle of the 15th century, while others believe that the Middle Ages lasted until the 17th century.The era is characterized by a huge rise of Christianity.It was during these years there have been great crusade.Along with them was born the Inquisition, which cut off all the enemies of the church.In the Middle Ages there was a form of slavery, feudalism, which still existed in the world for many centuries later.
Renaissance
this era usually distinguished as a separate, but many historians believe that revival - that is to say, the secular side of the Middle Ages.The bottom line is that at the end of the 14th century, people began to cry to humanity.They returned some ancient rules and morals, the Inquisition gradually handed over their positions.This is reflected in art, and in the behavior of society.People began to go to the theater, there was such a thing as a secular dance.Renaissance as Antiquity, was born in Italy, and today the proof of that are the numerous monuments of architecture and art.
Baroque
When we consider directly the era of human history in order, the Baroque, though not for long lasted, took an important branch in the development of art.Below we look at it in more detail, but for now we note the following.This era was the logical culmination of the Renaissance.We can say that desire for worldly pleasures and beauty has grown to epic proportions.There was the architectural style of the same name, which is characteristic of pomposity and pretentiousness.A similar trend was evident in the music and in the figure, and even in people's behavior.Baroque era lasted from the 16th to the 17th century.
Classicism in the second half of the 17th century, mankind has decided to move away from such a magnificent idleness.Society, as well as art that it creates, was canonized and tailored to precise rules.Classicism became apparent in the design of buildings and interiors.In vogue right angles, straight lines, rigor and austerity.Theatre and music, which have been at the height of its cultural development, has also been subject to new reforms.There are certain styles that are sent to the author in this or that direction.Below we look at the era in art in order and find out in more detail what constitutes classicism.
Romantic period in the 18th century, people like mania infected unearthly beauty and imagination.This period is considered the most mysterious in the history of mankind, ephemeral and original.In society there is a tendency, according to which every person - a single spiritual and creative personality, with his inner world, experiences and joys.As a rule, when historians are cultural epochs in chronological order, one of the most important seats for just romanticism.During this period, which lasted until the 19th century, there were unique masterpieces of music (Chopin, Schubert et al.), Literature (the famous French novels) and painting.
Education
parallel with romanticism in art perfected society itself.When the list all ages in order, as a rule, put it Enlightenment classicism.Along with the development of science and art in the late 17th century society with great speed started to increase the level of intelligence.This was manifested in the rejection of orthodox religious norms.Instead sacred knowledge came to light logic and reason.It's great to undermine the authority of the aristocracy and the ruling dynasties, which largely relied on the help of the church.The Enlightenment was the point of origin of a new philosophy based on mathematics and physics.There has been a number of astronomical discoveries that denied many of the religious dogma.Enlightenment touched not only in Europe but also in Russia and the Far East, and even America.During this period, many powers abolished serfdom.It is also worth noting that in the 18-19 th centuries the first time in the scientific and public meetings became involved women.
Contemporary
We briefly listed all historical periods in order and came to the 20th century.This period is known for the flourishing of different directions in art, numerous coup and change of regime power.Because from a historical perspective, this age is called the newest time.Since the beginning of the 20th century, we can say, society has become completely equal.Eradicate slavery around the world, to establish clear borders.These conditions become optimal environment for the development of not only art, but also science.We now live in this era, therefore, to consider it in detail, we need only look back.
Summary of
After we presented all periods of world history in order, described them to know what was in our society or that century, we pass to the study of beauty.After all, in parallel with the development of laws and borders of the states formed the art, which for many is the main determining factor for the separation of the history of mankind into separate periods.Below we present epoch in art in order, we characterize them and be able to match a clear picture of how to shape our society since the beginning of time.For a start, we generally list the main "era", and then divide them into separate branches.It is not always the same musical periods of time frames with similar periods in the literature, or, say, painting.
Art: age chronologically
- ancient period.Since the beginning of the first cave paintings finishing 8th century BC.e.
- Antiquity - from the 8th century BC.e.until the 6th century BC.e.
- Middle Ages: Romanesque and Gothic.The first dates back to the 6-10 th centuries, and the second - 10-14 th centuries.
- Revival - the famous 14-16 th century.
- Baroque - 16-18 th century.
- Rococo - 18th century.
- Classicism.Formed on the background of other areas from the 16th to the 19th century.
- Romanticism - the first half of the 19th century.
- Eclecticism - the second half of the 19th century.
- Modernism - the beginning of the 20th century.It is worth noting that the modern - is the common name for this creative era.In different countries and in different areas of art formed its flow, which describe below.
What will tell the pen ... At the root of writing
Now consider literary epochs in chronological order: ancient stage (Antiquity and the East), the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, classicism, sentimentalism, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism and Modernity.The first literary creations began to appear in Greece and Rome, as well as in the East.It is in these powers there first written.In the ancient world began to appear myths - about Hercules, about Zeus and the other gods, about the Titans and giant birds.Later, there were the first philosophers, thinkers and writers.It is Homer, Sappho, Aeschylus, Horace.This genre is now called the lyrics, but often such stories referred to as a source of historical authenticity.The world of the ancient East is famous only for its instructive poems.But let's not forget that in this part of the world in ancient times there was an important book of humanity - the Bible.
the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
clear boundaries between these periods do not, and do not need it.After all, at a time when Europe is just beginning to be formed as the state system, the people had no time for art.The first manifestations of art in the Middle Ages, the church smothered.Because the literary legacy that we inherited from the years - it is only a knightly epic.There can be called "The Song of the Cid," "Song of Roland" and "Song of the Nibelungs."Several centuries later, comes the Renaissance, and the world become known names such as Shakespeare, Dante, Boccaccio, Cervantes.Their stories can be called free, as there is no clear structure, and in the middle of it is a man and his feelings.This is the main characteristic of the Renaissance.
Formation strict canons
When we list in order of age, age after age, everything falls into place, other than classicism.He seemed to exist outside of time, space, compared to other flows.Since then, as the classics became the basis for the creation of European authors, a number of laws in the writing of literary works.They clearly were divided into genres: the ode, satire, tragedy, comedy, epic, fable.We can say that since have been established the boundaries of creativity, which we use today (note that even in the cinema).
sentimentalism and romanticism
These two trends complement each other though.They are famous for his novels, which describes the experiences of the characters, their state of mind, tastes and interests.Among the authors of romanticism red letters spelled out names such as Balzac, Dickens, Hoffman, Victor Hugo, the Bronte sisters, Mark Twain, W. Scott and many others.In later years, we worked Romantic writers such as Oscar Wilde and Edgar Allan Poe.Their stories are already deprived of sentimentality, but full of deep philosophy.
realism and modernism, and contemporary literature
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a host of trends in the literature.In our country, they are called Silver Age, while others simply were named according to the style of a particular product.The most popular was the symbolism and decadence.Representatives of these areas have become authors such as Verlaine, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Block.Russia has enjoyed great popularity Acmeism.Its main representative was Anna Akhmatova.Since then, the literature has become as realistic as possible.People abandoned the inner feelings and illusions.Since the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, the authors describe any event as realistic point of view, taking into account all the innovations of progress.
Art
Now it's time to consider all the epochs of painting in order.We note immediately that they were immediately much more than in the literature, because each of them turn briefly and concisely.
- cave painting.
- Art of Ancient Egypt and the Middle East.
- Mycenaean culture.
- Antique drawings and writing.
- Ages: iconography and gothic illustrations on religious themes.
- Revival.Prominent representatives are Michelangelo, da Vinci, and others.
- Since the 18th century in the Baroque style of painting appears.Clearly expressed in the paintings of Caravaggio.
- classicism, which was formed in fine arts from the 16th century, embodied in the works of Poussin and Rubens.
- Romanticism manifested itself in the paintings of Goya and Delacour.
- At the end of the 19th century appeared impressionism.Striking his representative considered Van Gogh, and along with it are the Gauguin, Lautrec Munch and others.
- In the 20th century the painting was divided into sotsrealistichnuyu and surreal.First developed exclusively for Russia.The second is to conquer the world.It is clearly seen in the paintings of Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso and other artists of the time.
