Everyone, at least once when you're outdoors or in the garden on a warm summer day, must have heard the buzz smooth businesslike among the flowers and plants.This means that somewhere near the small flies hard worker honey - bee.The structure of her body and is the subject of today's material.
Classification and use
According to the accepted classification of this insect is a type of arthropod, the order Hymenoptera.Immediate family members - wasps and ants.Habitat - field edges, orchards and meadows.Today, due to human activities, the bees are spread all over the world.Pursuing their cultivation, a person receives valuable products.And it is not only medical, but also other products: pollen, royal jelly, propolis, beeswax.All of them are of particular value and is widely used in folk and traditional medicine.Now science knows more than 20 thousand species of insects.One of the most common - honeybee.
General characteristics
body length of worker bees, those that we can see in nature - up to 16 millimeters.They live for long - up to two months.The length of the body of the uterus bees is 22 centimeters.Lives uterus to 7 years!What is the structure of the bee?Usually we learn her shaggy calf, surrounded by yellow and black stripes.The external structure of the bees of any kind, including honey, has some common features, which we describe in more detail.What are the characteristic features of her body?
Skeleton
Build bees, like all insects, begins with the exoskeleton.That is, roughly speaking, a bee on the outside of a skin, hard and quite difficult arranged.The skeleton serves to attach, supports the internal organs and muscles, and to protect the interior from adverse external influences, shock.Outside the body is covered with different hairs.They differ both in form and function.Many of them serve as sensory organs.Some are used for cleaning.Next, the structure of the body is characterized by the presence of several bee parts connected mobile.This head, chest, abdomen.
head
It's pretty hard box.It contains sense organs and the nervous system of the insect.On the head and eyes are located.They have the bees as many as five.Two convex complex facet, which are on the sides of the head on both sides.They consist of at least a plurality of small holes.A crown is placed on the simple eyes (the number - three).These bees, according to the observations of scientists, does not see very well.It can distinguish only contours of objects.But it still may be necessary for a better orientation in the terrain when flying bee.
structure continues to head the pair of antennae.Each of them consists of segments and flagella.At the working bees in 11 segments of antennae, which allows it to move in different directions quite freely.Here are located the organs of touch, which uses bee.
structure of the heads of worker bees is different from the structure of the head of the uterus, or drone.So, at the last round-shaped head, while working - rather triangular.
In the lower part of the head is the mouth and the upper lip, as well as chitin upper jaw with a powerful musculature.With these devices the bee can literally see through the tree, or cell, grab the speck to take away from the hive, the bee bite someone else.And at the rear of the oral cavity are placed the lower jaw and lower lip, forming a complex device - the proboscis.Centred around the tongue, they form a body which sucks the bee food: honey, nectar, water.Proboscis - a very important body of the bee.With a drop of insect collects nectar.In Russia, the bees length of the body is from 5 to 7 mm.Most dlinnohobotnaya - Caucasian bee.The structure of its proboscis is the same as that of Central, but the length is more than 7 millimeters.This fact have been linked to the peculiarities of the plants growing in the Caucasus.
Chest
structure of honeybee continues his chest, which is connected to the ring-film head of chitin.As a result of this connection, it can move in different directions, which is essential for productive work on the flowers in the hives.Breast cover chitin skeleton includes four rings, dense way connected to each other.From these rings depart insect legs, webbed wings are built here, which, incidentally, are the fragile body of the bee.According to scientists, the main cause of death of the hard-working insects - they wear.The thoracic placed and strong muscles, causing movement of the wings.
Abdomen
in the abdomen, a strong armor-skeleton of chitin, are the main internal organs of bees: the heart, intestines, respiratory and excretory, reproductive organs.The abdomen consists of six or seven rings.The latter forms the anal anal ring.Each segment of the front edge extends beyond the edge of the previous one.Together they are connected chitin film, thin and supple.As a result, the abdomen can be agile and increase or decrease the volume.On the abdomen and are glands secreting wax.At the end of the abdomen is the body to protect the insect - sting.
Feet structural features
honeybees, many insects have three pairs of legs, which are composed of segments and are very mobile.They can be rotated in different directions, attaching to a particular segment-coxa.Complete each limb claw.Insect legs intended mainly for walking, to support the body, but are also additional functions: cleaning antennae and body, for example.When walking bee (with respect to the proportions of her body) can develop enormous power.Scientists estimate that the insect is able to haul cargo to 20 times its own weight.
Cleaning sensory hairs on the body of the bee is also important.After all, there are sensory organs responsible for vital functions toiler while flying and collecting nectar.Cleansing these organs, the bee gets more information.And she does so with the help of mobile jointed legs that can reach in polluted places.
