Board Alexander 3 lasted 13 years.He was called by the Emperor-peacemaker.It was he by his decree gave rise to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway line in 1886.He was considered the patron of Siberian railway.He understood the importance and special nature of such a construction, therefore ordered it to be laid by his son - crown prince Nicholas.It happened in May 1891 when Vladivostok began to build the foundation of the railway station.
Planning
In honor of Emperor Alexander 3 and his services to Russia, it was decided to erect a monument to 3.The first of them - at the beginning of the track, t. E. In St. Petersburg, the second - in the middle segment of the Siberian, Irkutsk, and the third - at the end of the branches, which ended in Vladivostok.But these plans remained on paper only.In the end there was only a monument in Irkutsk.
first monument
It was founded on the occasion of the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway.Monument to Alexander 3 placed in the middle segment of this great track, Irkutsk, on the banks of the Angara River, just opposite the Grand Street (now the Karl Marx).
This event was preceded by the All-Russian competition, as well as permission to raise funds for its creation across the country, as for such a majestic monument money in the treasury was not there.Competition won Academician RR Bach.By the time he was already known for its monument to Alexander Pushkin, set in Tsarskoye Selo and MI Glinka monument in Moscow.
main project Bach chose because his idea was simple and inexpensive.He planned to deliver not just a monument to Alexander 3, and in general a great historical event, Kojima was the construction of the Trans-Siberian.Overall, the project was approved immediately and does not require any further modification.The only thing that had to change, so is the size of the figure of the emperor.It was increased by about half a meter.
Description of the monument in Irkutsk
Alexander 3 ataman was presented in a uniform, with wide trousers tucked into boots.So usually dressed Siberian Cossacks.The height of the monument was about 5 m, and the whole monument was about 11 m.
Academician Bach has managed to create an entire architectural and sculptural composition, which tells the history of Siberia.The monument was cast in St. Petersburg.The facade of the monument from all corners decorated with coats of arms: common Siberian, Yenisei province, the cities of Irkutsk and Yakutsk.All images placed on the heraldic shields.They are made in the form of a flat topography.A symbolic unity Siberia were garlands and chains, are located between the arms.
also on the sides of the podium were located 3 high relief devoted to Ermak Siberian and two governors-general - NN Muravyov-Amur and MMSperanskii.Front hosted the two-headed eagle, holding in its claws a scroll with the decree of the emperor.
Monument to Alexander 3 in Irkutsk was opened August 30, 1908.The fence is manufactured only for him after 4 years.It was an iron lattice, decorated with floral ornaments, as well as the image of St. George.In the corners on granite pillars installed lights.The project also includes the breaking of the park in a place where there will be a monument.Works on its creation began long before the opening of the monument.I must say that Alexander Square, enjoyed great popularity among residents of the city and was its attraction.
Destruction
Unfortunately, all this beauty was short-lived.After the final victory of the October Revolution, in 1920, to celebrate the May Day, a monument to Alexander 3 in Irkutsk was dropped, with the exception of the pedestal.After that, the figure of the emperor was taken to the courtyard of the building, where the East-Siberian Museum.Subsequently, it was melted down.
Until 1964 the pedestal was empty, yet it is not hoisted the concrete obelisk, made by the famous architect VP Shmatkova.And before that, at different times, it offered to put a statue of the worker, Lenin and Shelikhov, but to hand the case never reached.In the 60s of the last century, according to the plan of reconstruction of the city, part of the Alexander Garden was destroyed.
Recreating
At the beginning of the century began to think about the restoration of the former monument to Alexander 3, as in the collections of the local history museum was found prerevolutionary card with his image.It is for her and had made sketches of the new bronze figure of the emperor.In autumn 2003, the monument gained the previous form and took his place at the corner of the former street: Riverfront and more.
history of the monument in St. Petersburg
The monument was commissioned by Emperor Nicholas 2 and members of his royal family.To perform this work, chosen by the Italian sculptor PP Trubetskoy.Since 1897 and for the next nine years, he lived in Russia.The very model of a sculpture Troubetzkoy performed in St. Petersburg.For this purpose, the pavilion was built of iron and glass.It is located on the Old-Nevsky Prospect.Total sculptor created 14 models: 2 on the size of the monument, a full-size 4 and 8 small.
bronze statue was cast as an Italian-caster E. Sperati.Monument to Alexander 3 consisted of two parts.The first of them - the figure of the emperor - was made in the foundry KA Robecco.The second part of the sculpture was a horse, which was poured at the Obukhov factory.
over the pedestal of architects F. Shekhtel who carved it out of the red granite of Valaam.It was more than 3 m in height.It was carved inscription "Emperor Alexander III - the founder of the Siberian state-sponsored way."
I must say that from the beginning the work of Trubetskoy was very displeased with Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich.He said that this monument is a caricature of his brother.But in defense of the sculptor's widow, he made the emperor, who saw a clear portrait resemblance to her late husband.That it contributed to ensuring that the monument was completed.Finally, May 23, 1909 a monument to Alexander 3 in St. Petersburg was opened in a festive atmosphere.
fate of the monument in 1919, after the victory of the Bolsheviks, on the pedestal knocked poems written by D. Poor, under the title "The Scarecrow."After 8 years, when celebrating the decade of the revolution, for the decoration of the monument entered into the area in a metal cage, and next to it hoisted the hammer and sickle with the inscription "USSR".
20 years after the achievements of the October Revolution and the monument was dismantled altogether.Until 1953, he was kept in the vaults of the Russian Museum, and then it was raised and placed in the courtyard.In the mid-90s it was decided to move the monument to Alexander 3 in St. Petersburg.At the Marble Palace, right in front of its entrance, which now houses a branch of the Russian Museum, the monument stands.Not long ago, the authorities are thinking about porting it to its original location, ie. E. In the area of the Rebellion, but the decision on this matter is still pending.
Monument to Emperor in Moscow
Work on the monument lasted for almost 12 years, starting in 1900.We worked on the project of the monument but the sculptor AM Opekushin, architect AN Pomerantsev as the chief architect and engineer KA Greynert in charge of the work.Its construction has raised more than 2.5 million rubles, and it is a colossal sum in those days.
Monument to Alexander 3 in Moscow was opened in the end of May 1912, on Prechistenskaya waterfront, on the square near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.The ceremony itself was quite pompous.It was attended by the Emperor Nicholas with his wife and 2 children, all members of the State Council and the State Duma, generals, admirals, district and provincial leaders of nobility, representatives of various social organizations and many others.et al.
Description Moscow monument
The monument was made of bronze and depicts the emperor, seated on a throne.There it was in all the royal regalia, including the orb and scepter in his hands, and a crown on her head, with shoulders thrown over porphyria, t. E. The mantle of the monarch, which descended on a pedestal of red granite.Ground part of the pedestal adorned with four double-headed crowned eagle with outstretched wings, made of bronze.Above them he worked as a sculptor AL Aubert.
must say that the monument to Alexander 3 greatly enriched the general ensemble of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.Next to the statue of the emperor was arranged granite balustrade and magnificent staircase leading to the water.
Unfortunately, this beautiful monument stood only 6 years old.It was destroyed in the summer of 1918, when the Soviet government moved to Moscow.But still keep some of his photos.Monument to Alexander 3 in Moscow, was perhaps the most majestic.The pedestal left after its destruction, stood until 1931, when the temple was demolished and the Christ the Savior.
Monument in Novosibirsk
believed that the appearance of the city was determined by the decree of Emperor Alexander is 3 to start construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.The first railway settlement in these places named in honor of Alexander's king.Then he turned to the city and it was renamed Novonikolayevsk as supervised the construction of the Trans future Emperor Nicholas 2. Now it is a modern city of half million.
Monument to Alexander 3 in Novosibirsk has turned out rather grand - its height reaches 13 m. The monument installed on the picturesque promenade Obi.It is made of bronze and the pedestal - from granite.The lower part was decorated with an inscription taken from the imperial rescript of the king that begins the construction of the Trans-Siberian.The author of the project is the People's Artist of Russia Salavat Shcherbakov.
Opening of the monument to Alexander 3 was dedicated to the City Day, which celebrated 119 years.The ceremony began at midnight from 23 to 24 June 2012.Viewers were presented with photographs and newsreels, demonstrated on the huge screens.They were devoted to the rich history of this city.On the monument itself Alexander 3 in Novosibirsk and its opening turned up about 5 thousand. People.To be here and a great-grandson of Alexander 3, Pavel Kulikov, who is a Danish citizen.Eyewitnesses claim that its resemblance to the Emperor is very large.
