family or corporate budget almost always includes such items as payment of water on the counter.Moscow, St. Petersburg, a city of one million, or a provincial town, it does not matter - the counters have the majority of citizens.There are many types of meters, as well as technological solutions underlying the operation of these devices.There are many nuances of installation and replacement devices.
interesting historical path of these units, the facts about how and by whom invented water meters.Online payment receipts for utilities, use avtoplatezhey via credit card, all kinds of mobile applications to account for the cost of public services - is familiar to us the trends of today.But it is interesting to look into the details of the appearance of the instrument as usual in the face of meters from the historical perspective.
counters are fairly simple to install.Legally, they can be installed independently, but in practice many organizations responsible for the registration of instruments, landlords refuse mounted a counter on their own.What are the causes of such behavior of these structures?And anyway, how profitable to put schetiki water?
counter: what kind of device
accurately measure the amount consumed by the residents of an apartment or house water helps special counter.It is known that the billing of utilities can go according to the norm or on the fact of counting the amount of water, light and gas, which are received by the consumer.Counters give homeowners the ability to optimize water consumption and thereby save: in many cases, formulas for calculating public services linked to standard, make use of the water supply less favorable than for billing based on meter readings.
Installation of water consumption is particularly advantageous if the apartment is written a lot of people.The ratio in this case will be multiplied by the number.Even if a person has a registration does not reside in the housing, the fee for water nevertheless will be charged.
In addition, the specification may include the volume of public services, much more than the average resident spends.To pay water counters usually economically feasible.
use of such a device includes several nuances.Firstly, the readings from meters, as well as transfer them to the housing and public utilities landlords should exercise their own.Secondly, it is not permitted artificial changes in the readings.Thirdly, it is important to transfer the numbers from the counters on time if this is not done, the service company is entitled to charge the amount of water according to the standards (and it can be very profitable).Devices of the account to the apartments is placed, usually two: the counter of hot water and a similar device for the cold.The exception may be an option when the boiler is in the apartment.In this case the payment is only cold water - over the counter or not.
story of meters for water
There is historical information that the first prototype of the meter for the water appeared in the Middle Ages.The encyclopedic source said that the monks of a monastery in Lombardy selling excess water used to irrigate the meadows.To measure the amount thereof used in hydrometers form structures with a hole of a few centimeters, through which for a certain amount of time and at a constant head flowed Milanese one ounce of water.
in more or less its present form for the water meter appeared in the 19th century, thanks to the efforts of the German inventor Karl Wilhelm Siemens.The device was mechanical.He worked like a water mill in miniature.It attended the impeller - the element that allows the blades to make the flow of water and transfer the rotation of the counting mechanism, and then on the dial.In a matter of years, the scientists engineered the device has gained popularity in Germany, and after a while it came to modifying and Russia.
Features charging hot water
supply of hot water in Russia can be carried out in two sposobmi.The first - through so-called "closed water system".The cost of the water supplier company establishes, on the basis of the unity of the tariff.As an alternative, there is a system of "open": they cost cubic meter of water for the consumer consists of two components: the prices of cold water and quotations on the so-called heat transfer fluid.
regard to this charging system in different cities of the country rules can vary widely.But many sources traced the view that prices for hot water in open systems, significantly lower than in the private.So use these counters is especially important and can save even more.
Charging of hot water in Moscow
Let's see what the current billing of the most expensive kinds of water - hot - using meters for residents of Moscow in 2014 (for example, prices approved by JSC "MIPC").Take the option for closed networks.The tariff for the capital's residents (individuals) - 126.93 rubles per one cubic meter of coolant to the first of July 2014 and 127.57 units of the Russian currency - after.There are indications that prices will jump from November to 135.79 rubles per cubic meter.However, there is a subsidy - from July 1 to November 1, it will be 21.05 rubles.
principles for determining the prices for cold water
Cheaper total cost to the consumer cold water.It is used for the vast number of domestic needs.Based on what factors are formed tariffs on cold water in Russia?First of all, the cost of its production.Before the water gets to the tap, it flows in the water, and before that held the most difficult stage of purification after the is received from a river or reservoir.
It should be noted that the supply of cold water, in accordance with Russian laws - not the kind of business (despite the fact that gorvodokanaly sometimes is a private organization), and the final consumer tariffs are formed at the level of the authorities of the municipality (andin some cases to connect the federal court).Cost, except processes, includes staff salaries gorvodokanalov, depreciation costs, energy costs and other resources consumed.To account to pay for the cold water is almost always added to the amount of drainage.
How much is cold water in Moscow
see what established in 2014, tariffs on cold water in the Russian capital on an example of prices, set of "Waterworks".In 2014, it established two periods, in which different rates - before July 1 and after.In the first half cost the Muscovites cold water 28 rubles 40 kopecks per cubic meter (plus 20.15 for drainage).On November 1, prices grow considerably.For one cubic meter of cold water residents of the capital will have to pay 29 rubles 19 kopecks (and for drainage - 20.69).It is important to know that these rates do not include the Commission that banks take when the payment counters of water, for the benefit of suppliers.
How much is cold water in foreign countries
study one of the major Russian marketing firms showed that Moscow tariffs on cold water - not the most expensive, but also not the cheapest in the world.By comparison, residents of some Danish cities have to pay for 1 cubic meter of water of the order of $ 10 (with a water discharge).At the same time citizens of Turkmenistan, water can do and even free of charge, provided that it does not consume more than 250 liters per day.Among the countries with the most expensive water - Belgium, Norway, Germany (where prices - about 6-7 dollars per cubic meter, including drainage).Very cheap water in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Cuba.Cubic meter there costs a few cents.
How can you pay for water
Pay for water and other utilities (as a rule, all payments are in receipt of a HOA or management company) can be a variety of ways.Among the traditional - a hike in the bank and payment "on the window" to the cashier.There is an opportunity to do the same, using the bank terminals (if applicable consultant credit institution will do it).Another option - use an analog device data from specialized payment systems (QIWI, the system "City" and so on. D.).Both of these options are good the lack of queues.However, not all cases in the database providers have the required payments or HOA management company - this factor keeps many Russians to pay for these methods.
Many Russians comfortable sees innovative way to pay for the counters of water, as well as other public services - online banking.However, it must be connected in a separate procedures and know how to use this tool.One of the indisputable advantages of this method - in the bank's database with high probability there any HOA or the Criminal Code of the city.Ease in that all receipts stored electronically.Along with online banking are often used e-wallet payment systems (the same QIWI, «Yandex" and so on. D.).However, they are characterized drawbacks payment terminals.There are also specialized online services to allow for the payment of water on the counter, as well as many other services banking with VISA or MasterCard.
Nuances installation
installation counter is undesirable to make yourself homeowners.This should be handled by experts.You can find them by contacting the housing and utility company or organization, the main profile of activity is the installation of meters.The set required for correct installation of water meters, typically include the following plumbing materials.This is a pair of ball valves with thread (outdoor and indoor), two water strainer, actually counter hot water and cold analogue.You will also need two so-called non-return valves (they do not allow the counters unrolling ago).After the installation of meters on the pipes should come from experts of Vodokanal.They put the seal on the metering devices, thereby legalizing their use.
need to turn to the experts largely due to the fact that during the installation of meters is sometimes necessary to temporarily disable some supply systems related to other apartments.Since its justification inconvenience to neighbors and ending with proper shutdown systems in question, with the task of installing counters to cope better experienced.
Nuances
replacing water meters, as well as any other mechanism may be many reasons to fail.It needs to be replaced.Independently do this, as is the case with the installation is not recommended.There are cases when the owner of the apartment all technical procedures flawlessly, but he denied gorvodokanale sealing devices, referring to the non-professional installation.
However, if the landlord has a desire to replace the meter on its own, it should consider the following nuances.Firstly, each of water meters has an arrow - it must coincide with the direction of flow of the water supply.Second, the counter should be placed so that the distance between him and the riser was not less than 30 cm. The third face of the device should be located so that the evidence was clearly visible.It is known that the payment of hot water over the counter (as the product of the most expensive housing and communal services) requires transmission providers exceptionally accurate data.Recalculation of false readings when some communal organizations are reluctant.
What happens if you do not put the counter
water without payment counter, of course, possible.It is carried out until now so many tenants on the basis of specifications.But the Russians are concerned about what will happen if the counters are not put at all.According to some experts, the legislation could not give a clear answer to this question.On the one hand, the Federal Law № 261 "On Energy Saving" oblige home owners to start paying for the water meter to the July 1, 2012.But at the same time, any methods of administrative influence on the owners of residential premises that do not put the counter at that time, experts note, the legislator did not specify.
However, there are a number of laws, which from 1 January 2015 in those apartments where to install metering devices is technically possible, but it is not done, the standards of water consumption will be multiplied by the multiplying factor.This means that the rates of pay for the water meter will be a high probability of more profitable than calculations based on standards.
