Black (or shadow) economy in the modern market economy is, to a certain extent, it is a natural phenomenon associated with the rejection of the restrictive measures.In a transitional economy, according to experts, the size of the black economy increases (up to 40-50% of GDP), it is because a market economy accompanied by a negative development of the private sector, the growth of enterprises, imperfect legislation, a temporary decline in the quality of life.In such circumstances, evident need to develop an adequate approach to the monitoring of how to relate to the whole market economy and the black economy at the macro and meso levels.
Currently, scientists have developed a variety of approaches to the definition of the shadow economy and its different groups of methods of evaluation: direct, indirect, including an analysis of employment, monetary methods, alternative assessment method of trade flows, econometric methods.But modern market economy and the black economy are still at a level of development that has developed multiple definitions of categories of the shadow (black) economy, unsettled terminology heterogeneity obtained quantitative estimates.Thus, their range in the CIS countries varies between 10 and 55% in the candidate countries of the EU - 10 and 22% in developed countries - 1,2i17%.This is due to differences in official policy, the extent of the informal and hidden economy, and the use of different assessment methods that are modern market relations.Among these methods, the direct - underestimates other, indirect, structural, as well as methods for hidden determinants soft modeling - inflate.
Guidelines Task Force Eurostat recommendations CIS Statistical Committee and other institutions of the economic analysis are imprecise and reflect only the need to adhere to common definitions and classifications of black economic activity, take into account the peculiarities of the national economy, the use of the proposed analytical framework (definition and adjustment of the boundaries of hidden,informal and illegal economy enlarged branches), in assessing give priority to the informal sector.
In some countries, assessment of the black economy in general or partially absent, held only superficial calculations take into account particular manifestations of the hidden economy, most of this parameter as a property in a market economy and its shadow segment.A distinctive feature of the majority of their published today estimates of this type of economy, is their lack of objectivity, as a rule - conservative, the cause of which act as objective properties of the phenomenon, as is the market economy and the black economy and the shortcomings of statistical accounting and deliberate desire to provide false informationof respondents resulting from sample surveys of households.In addition, the impact is also psychological unpreparedness of society to analyze the values of black economy (even if such evaluation and received).
Years of research entities, structures, methods of measuring the underground economy, a number of experimental calculations have allowed to formulate some general approaches to the definition of the phenomenon.
For consideration of unobserved economic activities by some scientists as a generalizing selected term shadow economy.In terms of unobserved, unreported and unregistered economy by definition laid refusal to measure these phenomena, or at least an indication of its unreliability.The term "shadow" to be more successful: he does not focus on the nature of the evaluation highlight the specific conditions for the implementation of activities, the nature of the generation of income.This approach to the definition allows you to designate any unreported economic activity.The term black, in this context, should be understood only as an ordinary interpretation of the category of the shadow economy.Modern market economy and the black economy in its statistical measurement require the most complete coverage and quantitative measurement of all kinds of shady activities, regardless of their sources of origin.
