Most of today's parents are paying a lot of attention to early childhood development, understanding that up to three years of a child is easily trained in the game, and then it becomes much more difficult to absorb new information without a good starting base.And before many adults raises the question: What should know the child is 3 years old?The answer to it, as well as all of the features of the development of children at this age, you will learn from this article.
Caution: the crisis of three years
crisis of three years is considered to be one of the first crises of the age of the child, it takes place at all different, but still has a place.It is connected with the fact that at this age begins the process of becoming self-kid - an old picture of reality becomes obsolete, and in its place comes a new one.In order to avoid unnecessary conflicts, stress and know how to help your child in this period, it is important to understand the following age characteristics of children 3 years:
- appears the need for self-employment: the child is separated from the adults, and the reality, previously limited largelyobjects and family circle, it is the world of adults.
- child begins to oppose itself to an adult, stop listening and protests against the norms of behavior, vaccinated previously.
- During this period, the baby learns the difference between "want" and "must", and deliberate actions begin to predominate over the impulsive.
- In this age of rapidly developing self-esteem, which greatly affects the ratio of adults.
New features
But apart from the complexities of behavior appear useful, increasing the ability to learn characteristics of the child 3 years:
- communicative readiness: the child begins to interact with other people, guided by rules and regulations.
- Cognitive readiness: creative thinking is formed, through which children are able to think about things and comparative analysis, even when they do not see them.
- Emotional development: the child begins to manage emotions, including coping with aggression.
- appears ability to score and reading.
interacting with the surrounding reality, the child learns and develops, adult task - to help him.In training it is important to take into account and use the zone of proximal development: something a child can do with the help of adults, and that he has learned to do on their own, should be time to get past stage.
Evaluation of speech development
to five years it is developing very rapidly, so it is important to monitor whether the child is not far behind, and if necessary help him.To assess the development of speech there is the following list of what needs to know a child is 3 years old:
- vocabulary of about a thousand words.
- when referring to objects, people and animals are used almost full words, not sounds or abridged versions.
- distinguish and correctly uses the prefixed verbs (ran, ran, ran out).
- He knows how to name objects from the generalizing words ("fruit" rather than "pear" and "Apple").
- master the names of parts of objects (can say that the pot has a bottom and handles).
- Matches words and understands what synonymous.
- invented their own words from the already known to him.
- Draws attention to the incorrect pronunciation of other children, and the sound itself may pronounce also incorrect.
- able to speak so that he can understand any adult.
How to develop a coherent speech
further development of a child's speech three years include: increasing vocabulary, practice the correct pronunciation of sounds and sentence structure.The main objective of all activities - improvement of coherent meaningful speech.To do this, you can do on special journals, manuals with colorful pictures and exercises.
Unfortunately, rely on long assiduity child can not, but you can remember the main tasks for children 3 years old and do them using concepts from real life:
- House can name objects and match generalizing words on the example of toys, shoes, dishes andall other things.
- On the walk, you can tell the child adjectives and ask them to find appropriate items, such as "high" (the kid points to the house) or "red" (maybe the car).The advantage of this exercise is that the baby can be found in the real world is much more appropriate things than in the pictures.
- On the street and at home you can ask your child questions about things he sees, for example, where they are, what color, what need and others.
Learning verses
In three years, a child should be able to remember and repeat 3-4 words that tell an adult.Because of this ability, you can begin to teach poetry.They train the memory, attention, we develop, enrich your vocabulary, expand ideas about the world, and help the child to grow up and be able to lead a purposeful started before the end of the case.
Poem for children 3 years old should not be too great: just two quatrains.Before you start to learn a poem, an adult should tell him emphatically, and to discuss the content with the child.If you wish, you can draw pictures to text.Each stanza is learning the same pattern: an adult slowly pronounces the first line and asks the child to repeat after him, yet he did not remember.Then studies second line and connected to the first, third and then added to the first two.Then remembers the last and the first stanza is ready.When the two parts are learned, they are connected, and the verse is read in its entirety.
Easy poem for children 3 years of the onset of winter:
morning went to the window,
surprised: "Well, well!
I sleep in the fall went,
During the night the world changed!
Fur coats white wearing
trees and homes.
This means, in fact
At night we came to the winter! "
earliest mathematical concepts
first acquaintance with mathematics begins much earlier than you think, and how it will be successful, depends on the child's future relationship with this complex science.It will help to assess the completeness of the following list of what needs to know a child of 3 years in the field of mathematics:
- able to compare items on the width, length, thickness and height.
- use in speech the concept of "many" and "one", correctly align them with nouns.
- be able to count on the fingers of three.
- know and call the basic geometric shapes: square, circle, triangle, to compare the items on the form.
- Know and use the concept in a speech: small, large, smaller and more.
- be able to compare the number of items.
- be able to find a couple of the subject based on certain criteria.
Checking knowledge about the world
Some parents underestimate the capabilities of their children three years and do not give the right amount of load, and reinforced classes begin in preparation for the school and are faced with the reluctance of a child to learn, because the cognitive activity has faded.To avoid these problems it is important to time to find out what a child should know in 3 years about the world, and if necessary, fill in the blanks.
child at this age should be:
- Know how to look and called domestic and wild animals.
- Understand who the birds, insects and fish, as well as to be able to call three or four representatives of each class.
- know three or four names of trees and flowers.
- be able to differentiate between fruit, vegetables, mushrooms and berries, as well as to know their main title.
- have an understanding of natural phenomena such as wind, rain, rainbow, snow.
- know and be able to call of the day.
- Understand what materials, which are made from things around.
assess the development of thinking and motor skills
child of three years should be able to do the following:
- collect images of 2-4 parts;
- see and to explain the discrepancy in the picture;
- identify unnecessary items and justify their choice;
- explain what things are like, and what is the difference;
- cut paper with scissors;
- separate pieces of clay and make balls and sausages;
- draw points, circles and different kinds of lines;
- engage finger gymnastics.
How to develop fine motor skills
most useful for the development of motor skills is considered to be modeling for children 3 years old, but to show interest in her child begins much earlier, for example, when enthusiastically smearing porridge on the table.You can sculpt from clay or puff pastry.Classes also help it develop and consolidate the existing ideas about the world.Sculpt can optionally at least every day, but twice a week is enough.In order to become a class more exciting and not too difficult for a child, you can do from blank paper substrates and to select suitable stories or poems.
objective of the first experience with clay: teach your child to tear off pieces of it and sculpt them on paper, you can draw the trees and decorate them with colorful leaves.In the second lesson you need to learn to roll the balls, you can decorate the Christmas tree Christmas toy.During the third lesson a child practiced in rolling out sausages, of which it will be possible to make a rainbow, or the Olympic rings.For three years of age of these simple techniques is enough.
Of course, all children are unique and have different levels of ability.But it depends on the parents, these capabilities will be used.It is important to closely monitor your child's progress, assess its level of development, and constantly provide new and more complex, but no less interesting tasks for children 3 years old in the form of a game.
