lower extremities (legs) carry a large enough load.Their task is to provide movement and support.Muscles of lower extremities, the anatomy of which will be described in detail in the article are considered the most potent of all.Next, consider the muscles of the legs more.
General
muscles of the lower extremities of human development is very good.They adjust the flexion, extension, adduction, abduction leg at the knee and hip joints, movement of the fingers and feet.The lower limb includes two muscle groups.The first is the fiber of the pelvis.The second group consists of the lower extremity muscles free.Pelvic muscles actually begins from the pelvis, lumbar vertebrae and the sacral area.Fibres are also fixed to the femur.The objectives of the muscles of the leg includes retaining body in a vertical position, extension / flexion of the hip and thigh coordination of movements.Muscles of the free lower limb segments include the hip, foot and lower leg.
thigh muscles
muscles of the lower extremities of a person in this area are divided into three groups.Thus, isolated anterior, posterior and medial.The first group includes the flexor, the second - the extensors.The third group includes the muscles, causing thigh.At considerable weight and length of the muscles of the lower extremities of a person can develop great power.Their activity extends to the knee and hip joints.Thigh muscles performs dynamic and static tasks while walking and standing.As segments of the pelvis, the fibers reach their maximum development in connection with the ability to walk upright.
muscles of the lower limbs: the anatomy.The front thigh muscle group
It includes sartorius.The fibers start from the anterior superior iliac bone.A segment intersects the surface of the femoral medial, downward obliquely.The site of attachment - tuberosity of the tibia and fascia of the tibia.At this point, the fibers form aponeurosis.On the site of attachment it is fused with similar elements of the semitendinosus and gracilis, forming fibrous triangular plate - "goose foot".Beneath it is her bag.This lower limb muscle function is to turn outward thigh, his bending and bringing the leg.
quadriceps fiber
They form a strong and big muscles.It is characterized by a large mass.Quadriceps includes four segments: intermediate, medial, lateral and straight.Virtually all sides fiber adjacent to the femur.The distal third of the head 4 to form a single tendon.It is attached to the tibial tubercle, the side edges and the top of the patella.
Straight fiber
They formed muscle, starting from the bottom front of the ilium.Between the fibers and the bone is bursa.The muscle runs down the front of the hip joint.Then it comes to the surface between the segment and tailoring fiber fascia lata.As a result, it takes a position in front of the wide intermediate muscle.Ends segment tendon.It is fixed to the base of the patella.Rectus different feathery structure.
lateral segment
vastus This is considered the largest of the four.It starts from the intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, greater trochanter, the upper part of the femur rough line, the lateral septum.The fibers are fixed to the rectus muscle tendon of the lower limb, the tibial tubercle, patellar superolateral area.Part of the tendon bundles continues supporting the lateral ligament.
medial segment
This broad enough muscle has extensive start.It extends from the lower half intertrochanteric medial lips rough line, and from the medial femoral septum.Fibers are fixed to the upper end of the base of the patella and the front side to the medial condyle of the tibia.Formed this muscle tendon is involved in the formation supporting the medial patellar ligament.
Intermediate fiber
They form a broad muscle, starting from the upper two-thirds of the lateral sides of the body and the anterior thigh bone from the lower part of the lateral lips rough line of hip and lateral intermuscular septum.It attaches to the bottom of the patellar tendons, and with a straight line, lateral and medial vastus involved in the formation of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris.
shin muscles
She, like other muscles of the lower limb girdle, developed well enough.This is due to the tasks it performs.These muscles of the lower limb associated with the dynamic, static and bipedal locomotion.The fibers are extensively begin on fascias, partitions and bones.Their reduction is coordinating movement of the ankle and knee joints.Muscles of lower extremities in this section to the lateral, front and rear groups.The latter include the flexor digitorum longus: the large and the rest, popliteal, and soleus sural segments.Also in this group is present posterior tibial muscle.The anterior part is isolated extensor digitorum longus: large and others.Also here there tibialis anterior muscle.The lateral section allocate long and short peroneal segments.
back muscles group
this department forms a deep and superficial layers.The greatest development noted in triceps.It lies superficially and forms a characteristic roundness of the lower leg.The deep layer is formed by a small popliteal and three long muscles: flexor digitorum: large and others, as well as the posterior tibial.They are separated from the tibia plate fascia soleus segment.
lateral group
Her form peroneal muscles of the lower limbs: short and long.They lie on the lateral side of the tibia.Are these muscles between the intermuscular septum (back and front) under the fascia.
foot muscles
With fixed to the bones of the lower leg segments of the tendons, which are lateral, anterior and posterior groups, in the very bottom of the feet have their own (short) fibers.Their top portion and attachment is on the skeleton of the foot.Short muscles have complex functional and anatomic and topographic relationship with the muscles of the lower leg tendons, fixing the place which is also located on the bones of the leg.
muscles of the sole of the foot
In this area, isolated medial (in the area of the thumb), lateral (near the little finger) and secondary (intermediate) muscle groups.On the bottom of the first and second divisions, as opposed to those on the wrist, it presents a smaller number of fibers.At the same time the average on the foot muscles are strengthened.In general, present at the base 14 short fibers.Three segments are medial group 2 is formed laterally.As part of the middle part of the 13 muscles 7 intercostals and 4 worm-like, as well as square and short flexor.In maintaining a significant role for codes of not only the muscles of the foot, and lower leg.Due to this voltage ligamentous apparatus is significantly reduced.
Furrows and canals
They are nerves and major blood vessels of legs.The femur part they are located between the medial and the front group in the area of the knee joint - in the popliteal fossa, for the sole - between the middle and the lateral and medial portions between the middle, on the calf - muscles between the rear surface.
pelvic muscles of the lower limbs: the table
This area is virtually motionless articulation with the sacral region of the spine.In this connection, muscles, sets it in motion is absent.However, the activities of the hip and spine control these muscles of the lower extremities of a person.The table below summarizes all the information.
| name muscle | Tasks |
| iliopsoas | flexion of the hip, rotating the hips outwards |
| Small lumbar | tensioniliac fascia |
| Gluteus | Extension legs at the hip joint |
| average gluteal | Lead hip.By reducing the internal fibers - rotate inside the rear - outside |
| Small gluteal | Lead hip.By reducing the internal fibers rotates the hip inward, the rear - outside |
| tensor broad femoral fascia | flexion and pronation thigh strain fascia lata |
| pear-shaped | rotation of the hips out |
| internal obturator | |
| upper and lower twin | |
| Outdoor obturator |
pain in the legs
soreness in the muscles may develop as a result of various pathologies.These include, in particular, include:
- diseases of the spine (sciatica and sciatica, neuritis and neuralgia).
- Pathology of bones, ligaments and joints (arthrosis, arthritis, bursitis, plantar fascia, tendonitis, flat feet, fractures, tumors).
- direct muscle injury (torn ligaments, myositis, fibromyalgia, cramps, fatigue and strain).
- Disturbances in metabolic processes and pathological tissue (cellulite, obesity, etc.).
When paratenonitah mioentezitah and aching muscles pulling character.They arise as a result of the inflammatory lesions of the fibers and ligaments feet.The cause of disease is the overexertion of muscles against the backdrop of intense stress.Accompanied by the formation of the disease microtraumas muscles and ligaments.As an additional risk factors act hypothermia, chronic disease, general fatigue.
In conclusion
As you know, the muscles are actively involved in the outflow of blood through the veins.In the process of training the muscles at the same time carried out and an increase in myocardial mass.This allows you to carry heavy loads.During muscular activity in the body stand out biologically active compounds - endorphins.They contribute to the adaptation of tissues and organs to a variety of negative impacts, and trigger a burst of energy and strength.Against the backdrop of exercise there is a stimulation of the body's defense system.In this regard, experts recommend regular exercise, physical exercise, perform gymnastic exercises, walks.These activities are of particular importance for the elderly.When you exercise in childhood formed the correct posture, in proportion to the developing skeleton and muscles.
