Plato is the largest ancient Greek philosopher.His teacher was Socrates himself.Plato - the founder of the Academy - a private school of philosophy.Also note that he is the founder of the idealist philosophies.
philosophy of Plato, who spoke briefly about the impossible, made a great contribution to the development of this science.This man was not only a great thinker and a teacher who is able to engender in students the desire for knowledge.Unlike his teacher, he left behind many written works.The most important are:
- Apology of Socrates;
- Laws;
- State;
- Gorgias;
- Parmelid;
- Feodon.
Many of his works were written in the form of dialogues.
philosophy of Plato
As mentioned above, he is the founder of idealism.His idealistic doctrine are the following ideas:
- the world changes all the time.It does not exist as a separate substance;
- can really only exist disembodied (net) ideas;
- the world - is nothing but a reflection of pure ideas;
- pure idea of constant, endless, true;
- all existing around us things are a reflection of original ideas - that is pure.
Plato put forward the idea of the doctrine of the triad.According to it the basis of all that exists on three substances: one, mind, soul.
One in this case is the foundation of any being, it can not be associated with any common features.In essence, the philosophy of Plato says that it is the basis of a single pure ideas.One is nothing.
comes from a single mind.It not only separated from a single, but it is the opposite.It is something of the essence of all things, a generalization of all living.
soul, in this case, it is a mobile substance, linking concepts such as "single - nothing" and "mind - the living."It also binds everything objects and phenomena of our world.The soul is at peace and the individual.It can also have things.Soul of things and beings - is a piece of the world soul.They are immortal, and death of the earth - it is just an excuse for the adoption of a new shell.Changing physical envelopes is determined by the natural laws of the cosmos.
philosophy of Plato often touches theory of knowledge - that is, epistemology.Plato argued that pure ideas should be the subject of knowledge for the reason that the whole material world is nothing but a reflection of them.
philosophy of Plato often touches the problem of the state.Note that these issues his predecessors hardly touched.According to Plato, there are seven types of state:
- monarchy.It is based on equitable power someone one;
- tyranny.The same as the monarchy, but the unjust power;
- aristocracy.It is related to good governance group of people;
- the oligarchy.Here, the power belongs to the group of people who rule unjustly;
- democracy.Here, the power belongs to the majority, which is the rule of justice;
- timocracy.The unjust rule of the majority.
philosophy of Plato puts forward a blueprint of the state apparatus.In this state, all people are divided into three broad categories: workers, philosophers and warriors.Everyone must do a certain thing.In considering this issue, Plato often wondered about the private property.
Plato and Aristotle
philosophy of Plato and Aristotle have much in common.This is not surprising, since the second is a teacher first.Aristotle criticized Plato for his pure ideas, because I thought that the world is constantly changing - considered something only taking into account the changes occurring around.According to Aristotle, there are only certain specific and individual things, but the idea of clean is actually impossible and illogical.
