Scientists, theologians, regardless of the religion practiced, engaged in treatment of sources discuss about this or that dogma, explain to mere mortals provisions required reading books.In Islam, in order to avoid ambiguity of interpretations of the Qur'an and Sunnah, ijma used.Ijma - a unanimous one generation Mujtahids about Sharia.
concept
about ijma makes sense to say, when all one community, scientists have come to a consensus.If at least one mujtahid opposes, the ijma 'as such is absent.
Ijma - this agreement is scientists theologians professing Islam.Opinion mere mortals into account is not accepted.Nor is the significance of the results of discussion of the Koran another community.
Since ijma - a conclusion, it can be considered as evidence, but not the absolute truth, which is presented by Allah and his prophet Mohammed.It does not apply ijma agreement on the other, not sharia law.Quran, Sunnah, ijma - the main sources of the Shariah.It used theologians interpretations also applies qiyas, which will be discussed below.
Purpose ijma
Ledger of all Muslims - the Koran and the Sunna.The sources indicated in detail what should be the true way of life, what you can and can not do Muslims, what to do in certain situations.But Allah and Mohammed is his prophet give general advice (although many of the provisions are specified Sunnah), and in the lives of enough particulars, therefore, requires a detailed explanation.To do this, and there is ijma.
Types
Theologians distinguish two types of ijma: Final intended.In the first case it refers to the situation with which everyone agrees, without exception, Muslims (obligatory prayer five times, the prohibition on adultery, and so on. D.).If a person does not agree with these arguments, then his faith is not as strong.
unanimous opinion should not be contrary to the tenets of the Sharia.Ijma contrary to the Koran, unreliable, proved unconvincing, abolished or still contains the differences.
Terms
general conclusion about the varying standards to be confirmed.Evidence based on the statements of famous scientists or content of competent sources.
With the adoption of ijma prohibited all previous disagreements on the issue.Allowed to cancel the previous position adopted by mujtahids.Then comes a new opinion.
taken to the wise men of the community decision took effect, no need to wait for the end of the century.Reaching consensus among scientists makes the performance requirements mandatory for Muslims since the entry into force of the rules.Ijma - it is something that concerns all the faithful, regardless of status.
among scholars there is no consensus about the fact as to whether ijma silence.Someone thinks that the lack of censure, negative statements - it is a kind of agreement can therefore be seen as ijma.Other mujtahids believe the absence of proof of innocence only replicas speaker.Still others do not attach any value silence and fourth argue that ijma 'has a right to exist, if the generation of scientists left this world before any of the wise men of the community had expressed disagreement.
Degrees
Since coming to a common argument in different ways, the degree of ijma may include the following:
- verbal: a point of view on the issue is expressed through speech, used the word "allowed", "definitely" or "forbidden";
- silent: members of the community do not agree and do not mind that, as noted above, some theologians are not considered ijma;
- achieved without controversy after the ascetics;
- installed by eliminating various points of view after the ascetics.
theologians themselves do not set standards, which are absent in the Quran and the Sunnah.Mujtahid only treat the main sources of Sharia in terms of religious dogmas and legal norms.In Islam, these concepts are almost identical, as it is believed that the legal sphere (as well as other aspects of the life of Muslims) is governed by Allah and His Messenger.
Ijma qiyas and
Under Kiyasov understood reasoning by analogy.If the main source is no specific guidance on certain actions, the rules are formulated on the basis of other provisions.
Kiyasov includes four components:
- rate for analogies;
- rule, to which the analogy is established;
- rules first position to the second distributed;
- unity in accordance with the provisions of Shari'ah.
For example, the Koran forbids drinking wine, but says nothing about beer.But beer also contains alcohol.Thanks Kiyasov prohibition extends to foamy drink.The reference norm is an exception of wine analogy - drinking beer, subject to the provisions - the prohibition, and the unity of the provisions - the probability of intoxication.
Quran, ijma, the Sunnah, qiyas - the basis of life of Muslims.The Koran is the essence of lawmaking, since it contains direct statements of Allah.The Sunnah is all coming from the Prophet's speech is equal to the words of Allah.Also, the word "Sunnah" is treated as an incomplete compliance with the Sharia.
