Ancient peoples in Russia began to resettlement and land obzhivanie long before statehood.That is why the first and the Grand Duke of Russia - Rurik - put a huge amount of effort to create a single state, hometown to many people.
first attempts to study the ancient Russian people
main feature of the study of the Slavic population is that there is a continuous movement dynamics of inter-ethnic relations.What does it mean?Learn the basic people of Russia, it is important to comprehensively investigate the matter.For example, focusing on the inhabitants of the Central region, you must pay attention to the nationality of Eastern Europe and Siberia.
All studies pre-revolutionary system have focused on single Russian people.The influence of other nations, if not excluded from science, indirectly mentioned, but not as a leading question, but only as a formality.The only officially recognized is the fact that the indigenous peoples of Russia is gradually poured Finno-Ugric tribes.
Only in the early twentieth century Russia began to be seen as historically multi-ethnic state.You can not hide the fact that such findings were made under the influence of European scientists.Over time, it began to publish the works of Orthodox authors telling that indigenous peoples of Russia are developing under the influence of ancient biblical origins."Russian people - people with the recognition of the divine origin of the ancient Kiev" - interpreted as the story is one of the church leaders - A. Nechvolodov.For he considered the formation of the Scythians, Huns and other separately existing peoples.
It was in the twentieth century, there was a trend of historical thought, as a Eurasian theory.
people's origins: how it was?
several centuries before the Christian era there was a great historic event: instead of bronze begins to actively use the iron.Widespread iron ore gave not only the commonly used materials, but also the strength of manufactured guns.
During this period there is a gradual cooling of the climate, accompanied by an increase in the number of fertile land, favorable for livestock breeding areas, changes the activity of microorganisms developing in a body of water, which has a positive effect on the composition of the rivers, lakes, streams, and so on.
With the advent of the ancients iron ore in Russia began its active development.The number of tribes using iron as the base material.During this period, Russia is characterized by the ancient ancestors of the Slavic people settling, Latvians, Estonians, Lithuanians, north-eastern Finno-Ugric tribes and other small communities inhabiting the space of Central Russia and Eastern Europe.
«Iron coup" raised the level of agriculture hastened the clearing of forests for plantations, eased the heavy field work tillers.The ancient peoples of Russia, whose names are unknown to history, gradually began to take on the distinctive features of the general population.Formation of each nation is influenced osёdlosti, development of animal husbandry and agriculture.Moreover, settling in different sides of the world, the Slavic peoples passed domestic foreign-language skills neighbors - meryam, Chud, Karelia, and so on.This fact explains the large number of words in the Estonian language of Slavic origin, related to the topic of agriculture.
first settlement
first prototypes of the cities where they lived and formed the most ancient peoples and states of Russia, existed in the first millennium BC.A similar trend is observed in Northern Europe, and in the Urals - a visual border settlement of the Slavic peoples.
isolation contributed to the destruction of forest expanses tribal community lifestyle.Now, ancient peoples in Russia lived in castles or solid, which greatly weakened the kinship once large and powerful community.Gradually forced resettlement of peoples to leave the place of residence and move slowly in a southeasterly direction.Abandoned castles called mounds.Through these settlements and buildings, the history of Russia from ancient times has many facts and scientific knowledge.Now scientists can judge the everyday life of people, their upbringing, education and employment.In the time structure of the city there are the first signs of social stratification.
origin of the Slavs as a separate ethnic group
Many scientists are of the opinion that the Slavs are mostly Indo-European origin.Thus, the most ancient people in Russia originally inhabited not only the territory of the modern state, and most of Eastern Europe and the southern countries up to modern India.
common origin of peoples presents several common modern languages.Although different in the beginning of development, in the languages of neighboring foreign countries can meet a huge number of similar meaning and pronunciation of words.Today considered related Celtic, Germanic, Slavic, Roman, Indian, Iranian and other language families.
Assimilation Slavs
as pristine ethnic group has not survived any one people.In the period of active settlement of the Slavs occurred assimilation with neighboring tribes and communities.
On further development of the facts of the national history of the state and the people of Russia is silent.In this regard, over the centuries scientists, figures put forward various hypotheses.For example, the first chronicler Nestor believed that Slavic people originally lived on the border of Central and Eastern Europe, and further this ethnic group took the Danube river basin with the Balkan Peninsula.
scientists - representatives of the bourgeoisie put forward the erroneous theory that the ancestral home of the Slavs is a small part of the territory of the Carpathians.
Peoples of Russia: a brief account of the Slavs of the second millennium BC
sages of antiquity considered the greatest Slavic people stories of the past, present and future.Until our times have come down facts about what the people of Slavic origin was formed under the influence of the Ants, Veneto, wends and so on.
Greeks defined territory Slavs as follows: in the west - to the Elbe;in the north - to the Baltic Sea;in the south - to the Danube River;in the east - to the Diet and the Oka.Moreover, the ancient Greek travelers, thinkers and scientists were not limited to that data.According to them, the Slavic peoples living in Russia, could settle on the far southeast, due to the vast and fertile steppe zone.It is sedentary in the rich forests of the country, active hunting and fishing, gathering herbs and berries were the reason for the mixing of the Slavs with the Sarmatians.
According to Herodotus, in the territory of Eastern Europe lived the people known as the Scythians.It should be noted that under this definition to understand not only the Slavic tribes, but also many other ethnic groups.
than the rich north-eastern Europe?
Ancient peoples in Russia are not limited to the mention of people of Slavic origin.The second largest number of tribes and resettlement within the borders of the state occupied by the Lithuanian-Latvian group.
This people belonged to the tribes of the Finno-Ugric family of languages: Finnish, Estonian, Mari, Mordvins and so on.Indirect national peoples of Russia were similar with Slavic tribes lifestyle.Moreover, related languages have contributed actively to strengthen the above ethnic communities.
distinctive feature of Latvians and Lithuanians was the fact that most of the time and attention they gave horse-breeding rather than agriculture.At the same time it was built reliable settlements-settlements.Judging from the stories of travelers, Herodotus called the Lithuanian-Latvian group Tissagets.
Ancient Rus: Scythians and Sarmatians
One of the few representatives of the Iranian language family, leaving only a trace in history, are the Scythians and Sarmatians.Presumably these people occupied the territory of southern Russia up to Altai.
Scythian and Sarmatian communities have many similar features with other tribes, but never were a single political start.Even in the fifth century BC on the territory of the tribes settling occurred social stratification and conducted wars of conquest.Gradually, the Scythians conquered the Black Sea tribes, made many trips to the Balkans, Asia, Transcaucasia.
Amazing legends go about wealth the Scythians.The royal tombs pawned incredible amount of gold.In this regard, we can trace a fairly strong stratification of society and the power of the elite class.
interesting fact is that the Scythians were divided into several groups, tribes.For example, in the valley east of the Dnieper lived nomadic ethnic variation, in turn, the western side of the river inhabited by the Scythians-farmers.In a separate group of distinguished Royal Scythians, travel between the Dnieper and the lower Don.Only here you can find the richest barrows and powerfully fortified settlement.
History of Russia since ancient times also provides a surprisingly dynamic associations of the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes.Gradually, the merger gave rise to such state of the slave system.The first state that nationality was formed Sindhi tribes, the other - the result of the Thracian Wars.
most strong Scythian state was formed in the third century BC, it was the center of the Crimea.In place of modern Simferopol located main hero of legend - the city of Naples with the beautiful name - the capital of the Scythian kingdom.It was a powerful center, fortified stone walls and is equipped with a huge grain stores.
as the Scythians were engaged in agriculture, and to pay special attention to the share of animal husbandry.In the first century BC, among the tribes actively developing handicraft activities.Bright and extraordinary culture of the Scythians is still being studied by scientists-historians.This gave people the immensity of ideas for paintings, sculptures and other artistic creations.To date, the echoes are stored in the museums of ancient life.
Argued that the Scythian tribes were completely wiped off the face of the earth.The presence of the crisis of slave society is obvious, but the likelihood of assimilation with the Slavic tribes is very high.This fact indicates the origin of many words of the modern Russian language.If Slavs used the "dog", along with the expression used by Scythian-Iranian "dog";Common Slavonic 'good' equated to the Scythian-Sarmatian "good" and so on.
should not be considered direct descendants of the Scythians Slavic people, but the echoes of ancient wonderful culture still present.
Black Sea coast: Greek roots
peoples that existed in the territory of the Black Sea coast, a few centuries before our era, were seized by the Greek bandit squads.For decades, there have developed city-states with ancient Greek culture.Folding slave relationship.
ancient Russia learned a huge amount of invaluable experience of Greek life.Specially developed in this part of the state were farming, trapping and salted fish, wine-making, processing of wheat imported from the Scythian land.The spread and popularity received a ceramic craft.In addition, the experience was replicated trade with overseas countries.Valuable Greek decoration fell into the use to the Scythian kings and recognized along with local resources.
Cities, formed on the territory of the former Greek city, adopted a high level of culture of the people.Countless churches, theaters, sculptures, and paintings adorned the daily life of the Greeks.Gradually, the city filled with barbarian tribes, who, oddly enough, the revered ancient Greek culture, preserving works of art, as well as studying the writings of the philosophers.
ancient Russian population: the peoples of the Bosporus kingdom
the beginning of the development of the northern Black Sea in the fifth century BC.It was formed only major slave state under the name Bosporus - modern Kerch.A major political entity lasted only nine centuries, after which in the fourth century BC, was destroyed by the Huns.
assimilated with the peoples of the Northern Black Sea Greeks gradually settled on the territory of Kerch Peninsula, the lower reaches of the Don.And they took the Taman Peninsula.Active development of the people mentioned in the eastern part of the state, from the union of the tribes gradually allocated to know and the aristocracy, who interacted with the rich representatives of the Greek population.
first push to the destruction of the state was the slave revolt led by Savmak.During this period, Ancient Russia was filled with separation and uprisings.Gradually, the Black Sea has been completely captured by the geth and Sarmatians, and later almost completely destroyed.
Formation of rich Russian history of modern Russia was not only influenced by the people living in the Central region.Also, a significant impact had other nationalities.Today it is impossible to exactly determine whether the Slavic people to develop their own, or their formation influence anyone outside.This question is designed to allow the modern historical science.
