Land has always been a subject of much debate and conflict.It is because of the fertile land located at the mouths of major rivers, began the first war.Later, feudal lords sought incremented to his possessions more and more territories, subjecting themselves and their inhabitants.Thus, they argued the fullness of his power.So appeared and strengthened the state.Thus, the possession of land has always been one of the most important signs of wealth and power.This situation continues today.
Basic principles of land ownership in Russia
time when it was common to all members of society, lasted a very short time.Human nature tend to want to enjoy the benefits of civilization alone and independently.It is because of this commitment and ownership of land began to form.What is this concept?
land holdings in Russia - it is the possession of a certain portion of the person (both natural and legal) the right of ownership, rent and so on. D.
During the reign of the kings, there were various categories of the concept.So, it was a church, monastery, city, Posadskoe landownership and, of course, private.Despite the fact that Russia was considered a patriarchal country, which is reluctant to adopt best practices of foreign countries, its system of distribution area was much more civilized than, for example, in Ethiopia.There's the whole earth is completely in the hands of the autocrat, who in a certain way to lease it subject.All taxes and taxes collected from her accumulated in the state treasury.
concept of ancestral lands
Until about the 15th century in our country, there is one kind of private land ownership.He was the patrimony.If you compare it, and land ownership, provided in the conditions of service, the difference is, of course, there is.Fiefdom person disposed of the property rights and could pass it on to their descendants.Hereditary land ownership in Russia involves the creation within it certain managerial staff, who supervised the collection of taxes and organization of peasants.
very origin of the word "patrimony" (father's property) meant its main feature - the ability to be inherited.It originated this form of land ownership back in the Kievan Rus.As a rule, the owners became princes and noble members of squads, and the boyars.After the adoption of Christianity and the church were fiefdoms.
During the political fragmentation of the state this form of ownership was the basis of feudalism.Land owned by the princes, constantly expanding due to the awards, redemptions and grabs the neighboring territories.It also led to a considerable strengthening of the influence of the owners of estates on the political and economic life of Russia.
land holdings, granted on condition of service: what is it?
In the 15th century there manorial system.It implies that persons serving the good of the state, land plots.It is both a reward for the faithful performance of his duties.At the discretion of the sovereign land ownership, provided in the conditions of service could be either temporary (ie until the person is working), and constant (transition person for life).
estate - what is this?
In the middle of the 15th century in Russia, a new form of land tenure.The estate - is a special kind of property, possession of the site, the right to which is available for a compulsory military or civil service.There analogues of this concept in Europe.For example, in Spain, an estate called Hacienda, and in Portugal - hacienda.
In order to separate this form of tenure from others, for example, from the patrimony, it is necessary to highlight the main features of it.These include:
- personal.The estate provides specific person, and not assigned to a particular post.
- temporary.Put a man possessed only for a certain period, which often ended with the termination of a state or military service.
- conditional.Manor extradited person for a reason, and in exchange for that it will carry out certain duties towards the state.
- Inability to dispose of.A person could live on the estate, to hold agricultural work, hunting and so on.. But to transfer land ownership to be allowed under the conditions of service, by inheritance, the right to sell or trade it did not have.If the official was dismissed from work, he was forced to leave the estate, together with their property.
These are the main distinguishing features of the estate.
Land tenure in modern Russia
Nowadays, things have changed.Who is a citizen of the Russian Federation (as well as any foreign person) can own a piece of land on the following grounds:
- property rights;
- right of lifetime inheritable possession;
- right to lease;
- right to perpetual use.
This feature is legislated by the Russian Constitution (Art. 35).
