victory over Napoleon brought the long-awaited peace in Europe, but did not solve any internal problems of the Russian Empire.The post-war period of the reign of Alexander 1, characterized by the new direction of civic activity - social movement.For the first time in the Russian civil initiatives have acquired an organized form.Social Movement under Alexander 1 for its activities to be put on the foundation of liberal ideas.
Liberalism in the country
ideas of European liberalism spread to Russia in the time of Catherine II, who actively corresponded with such ideologists of this direction, as Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and others. However, later the Empress rejected these doctrines, rightly fearing that theywould harm the monarchy in Russia.
second breathing movement liberals in Russia received in 1812.The soldiers and officers who have been in Europe, returned home a staunch opponent of serfdom and autocratic regime.The absolute disregard for the need to transform the country by the authorities has caused progressive smoldering discontent of the population.It is in these circumstances was born and the beginning of its activities the social movement under Alexander 1.
Summary
first-governmental organizations in Russia were Masonic lodges.The idea of the emergence of the Masonic movement came from Europe.By the 20th year of the XIX century.Members of Masonic lodges were about 3 thousand. nobles, merchants and middle-class.Freemasonry has given the public the experience necessary for the organization and activities of the secret societies.Basically, a social movement under Alexander 1 know such secret societies: the Union of Salvation, the Southern Society, Union of United Slavs and others.
Union Rescue
This is the first major company.Its founder was ANAnts - Colonel General Staff, a hero of World War II.
main objective of the Union of Salvation was the elimination of serfdom and the restriction of the rights of the monarchy.There were some calls for conspiracy and regicide, but they are not common among the majority of members of the union.
After it was decided to attract broad public support, the Union Rescue blossomed, and on its basis arose Union of Welfare.The program of the secret society had its own charter, which was known as the "Green Book".The basis of the company went to the same ideas as before - the overthrow of the autocracy and the destruction of serfdom.But at the same time members of the union have agreed to participate in the reform of the state, together with the government attached great importance to the ideas of education and training.When the government refused to reform the state, the social movement under Alexander 1 was threatened.The successful military coups in Western Europe prompted the idea to arrange a mutiny in Russia and force the government to make concessions.
Therefore, after the Union of Welfare was established new company, received the name of the North and South.
Northern Society
center of Northern society became Petersburg.Members of the Union became EP Obolensky, SP Troubetzkoy, NM Ants, and others.Under the program outlined by NM Muraviev in its "constitution", Russia had to abandon autocracy and become a constitutional monarchy.He also laid the idea of a federal division of Russia 15 "powers."Restricts the rights of the emperor.It involves personal freedom of the peasants and introduced civil rights for every citizen of Russia.These abstracts provide guidance on what to seek public movement under Alexander 1.
Southern Society
It united civic education officers who served in the territory of Ukraine.The head of the Southern Society - the hero of the battle of Borodino, Colonel Pestel.
Under his leadership, was created by the Constitution of the Russian project called "Russian Truth", but with more radical than the Muravyova theses.Thus, the Russian Empire had become a republican country, not a monarchy.Manage the state had the supreme council and the Popular Assembly.Farmers provide not only freedom, but also the allotments.
Thus, the abolition of serfdom and a radical transformation in the state is the basis which characterized the social movement under Alexander 1. Table showing summary goals of public organizations is presented below.
members of secret societies are actively talked about real ways to achieve their goals.The result was the decision on the state military intervention.
Despite the secrecy, the government had no idea about the threats that carried a social movement under Alexander 1. In 1822, it was decided to ban all Masonic lodges and secret societies.A few days before his death, the king ordered the arrest of participants in the rebellion.The unexpected death of the emperor pushed people to revolt in 1825.
