have new computer users are usually a lot of questions that need answers in the most understandable and accessible form.One of them is the following: "What is an operating system?".Let's face it.
What is the operating system, and what is its purpose?
She is a dedicated envelope for controlling a computer to run programs, to ensure effective protection of stored computer data, perform a variety of service functions at the request of the program and users.The services of the operating system uses any program, so the work can be carried out only under the control of a particular operating system.Only under this condition, you can count on the coordinated activity of a computer.
Required parts that make up the operating system, as follows:
- the core of which is a shell, that is a kind of translator, carrying requests from users or programs understandable for the physical components of a computer look;
- specialized software components, focused on managing various devices that are included in the computer, they are called drivers;
- the user interface, that is a convenient wrapper, which mediates the basic communication.
What is the operating system and is included in its composition?
OS is a complex formed by the linked program that is designed to organize convenient user interaction and computer, as well as for other programs.It is important to understand that the installation of a second operating system is available only on a different logical drive, since each of them have their own modules and components.You can see the structure of the operating system, which consists of very specific components and modules:
- kernel or base unit is designed to control the operation of the program and the file system, providing convenient access to it, as well as the exchange of files between peripheral devices;
- shell designed to decrypt and execute custom commands that come usually from the keyboard;
- drivers for peripherals designed to ensure the consistency of the devices and the CPU, they are necessary due to the fact that each of the peripheral processes information in different ways and at different speeds;
- utilities, which are additional software tools that make the process user interaction with the computer multilateral and as convenient as possible.
If so, what is the operating system that is more or less clear, then we can consider matters related to its load.Files that are part of the operating system are stored on disk.It is known that for the execution of programs must be in RAM.To begin to be executed the boot program, initially not present in memory.And then there is a way - step by step OS is loaded into memory.
first segment of the system is loaded from the permanent memory, where all the testing program PSU PC.They are executed immediately after the receipt of the first current pulses.At the same time, in the initial sector of the disk starts the boot program, taking it over.This application is looking for the basic module OS, and then passes control to it.The loader of the base module retrieves all the other components, and loads it into the RAM.When the OS is loaded, control is handed over command processor, after which the user can interact with the system.Mobile operating systems work on a similar principle, but with some modifications related to the features of the device.
This principle applies absolutely to all modern operating systems.
