Suffice it to think about the name of the variety of the verb - "modal" to understand the characteristics of their values.As is known in formal logic, there are two component statements: Dictum and modus where dictum - it is the content that is the actual component of the message and the mode of - it's a personal evaluation.Thus, the modal verbs are used to express the relation to the action.These are the words "I want", "can", "I wish."
All modal verbs in the German language can be divided into groups: I, I, I want to.In each of these two verb.Let us consider them in that order.
Modal verbs in German: «I»
Dürfen and können - both words are used to describe the possible accomplishment of any action.However, there are nuances of their values.
Dürfen used in two cases:
1. When it is necessary to express prohibition or permission.Translated as "allowed", "no", "no", "can" (meaning "a permit").
2. When you need to say about the recommendations (eg., "These pills are recommended to take in the morning").
Können has another shade of meaning: to be able, to be able to have the opportunity, the capacity for the accomplishment of something.For example: "I can move the cabinet '(not allowed me to do it, and I have such an opportunity)," he can play tennis "(it is not allowed to play tennis here, and he knows how to deal with a ball and a racket).
Modal verbs in German: "I have to»
next couple of modal verbs: sollen - müssen.Both of them are close in meaning to the Russian "should."
Sollen used in three cases:
1. Adherence to laws or commandments (do not take other people's things).
2. Following duty and morality (you should respect other people's opinion).
3. Following someone's orders, the instruction (the father said I should learn).
Müssen translates, as a rule, in the same way - must.Odnoko upotreblyatesya in other cases.This word is less rigid, and stresses that the speaker should do something for his own inner urge, or it does so under the pressure of external circumstances (in this case, we often translate müssen as "forced", "right").For example: "I have to study well" (I'm doing this for my father, not because he asked me to, but because I believe that this is necessary), "I have to go home" (I have to go home because the rain).In addition, there is the third time that we have used müssen: if it is a situation which, in our opinion, was inevitable (and should have).
Modal verbs in German: "I want to»
two verbs wollen and möchten intended to express wishes with respect to any events or activities.Consider the features of their values.
Wollen - is the firm intention, plans, there is no uncertainty, it is appropriate to transfer not only "want" or "intend", but the "plan."
Möchten means "to have the desire."As a rule, the verb translated as "I would like to."By the way, it is a form of the well-known words mögen, which is used to express sympathy (I like, I love).
And this verb can express the wish that the motivation to do something.Often you can see how it is translated "should" (you should arrive as early as possible), but should not be confused with or sollen müssen, which can also mean it.Möchten - it is soft, though kindly requested.More accurate translations, "it is desirable that you have done ..." "I'd really like you to ..." "... you have to do."
thus:
- dürfen: I can swim (I was allowed doctors);
- können: I can fly (I can do);
- sollen: I have to go (I have to hope the whole team);
- müssen: I have to swim (I want to work out before delivery standards);
- wollen: I'm going to swim (I will go and learn);
- möchten: I would like to swim (someday, maybe when I have time, anyway, even if I do not go to the pool, I'd like it).
How to study modal verbs?
German, exercises which can be easily found in the literature, may seem really difficult.In this article we have not touched the forms, which can take modal verbs, and yet they lean on the person and number.Those students, in an asset that already have at least an average english, passing the subject, may find much that is familiar.Indeed, English is very similar to the German language.Conjugation of modal verbs - the only thing to be a significant difference.German demonstrates the wide variety of forms.With regard to the values of modal verbs, their areas do overlap.Moreover, even their sound may be close (can - kann).This is not surprising: English and German belong to the same language group.Learn one after the other will be much easier.As for those students who learn German from scratch, it will be a win-win strategy for the next.First, we should learn the meaning of each of the modal verb, learn to understand the situations in which they should be used.Then, when firmly grasp that wollen - want it to mean, and möchten - wish-dream, and so on. E., It is possible to undertake the study of the forms of modal verbs.
