Vladimir Dal, whose biography is described in this article, is a Russian scholar and writer.There was a corresponding member of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.He was one of the 12 founders of the Russian Geographical Society.He knew at least 12 languages, including several Turkic.The most known for his compilation of "Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Language".
Family
Vladimir Dal, whose biography is well known to all fans of his work, was born in 1801 in what is now Lugansk (Ukraine).
His father was a Dane and Russian name Ivan took with Russian citizenship in 1799.Vinogradov Dahl knew French, Greek, English, Yiddish, Hebrew, Latin, and German, was a physician and a theologian.His linguistic abilities were so high that she was invited by Catherine II Vinogradov to St. Petersburg to work in the court library.Later, he went to Jena to learn to be a doctor, and then returned to Russia and received his medical license.
In St. Petersburg Vinogradov married Mary Freitag.They had 4 boys:
- Vladimir (b. 1801).
- Karl (b. 1802).All his life he served in the Navy, had no children.He was buried in Odessa (Ukraine).
- Paul (b. 1805).Sick with tuberculosis, and because of poor health lived with his mother in Italy.He had no children.He died young and was buried in Rome.
- Leo (year of birth unknown).He was killed by Polish insurgents.
Maria Dahl knew 5 languages.Her mother was a descendant of an old family of French Huguenot and studied Russian literature.Most often it is translated into Russian the works of AV Ifflanda and C. Gesner.Santa Maria Dahl - Officials pawnshop, the collegiate assessor.In fact, it was he forced the father of the future writer to receive the medical profession, considering it one of the most profitable.
Studies
Primary Education Vladimir Dahl, who has a brief biography of the textbooks from the literature, was at home.Parents since childhood instilled in him a love of reading.
In 13 years, Vladimir, together with his younger brother entered the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps.There they studied 5 years.In 1819, Dahl graduated in the position of warrant officer.Speaking of studies and service in the Navy he wrote 20 years later in the story "Ensign Kisses, great vitality, or look back."
After serving in the Navy until 1826, Vladimir entered the Medical Faculty of the University of Dorpat.He earned his living by teaching Russian language.Due to lack of funds, he had to live in the attic closet.Two years later, Dahl students enrolled in kazёnnokoshtnye.As one of his biographers, "Vladimir immersed himself in his studies."In particular, he leaned on the Latin language.And for his work on the philosophy even awarded a silver medal.
had to interrupt his studies with the beginning of Russian-Turkish war in 1828.The Transdanubian region increased cases of plague, and the army needed strengthening medical service.Vladimir Dal, a brief biography is known even to foreign writers, prematurely passed the exam for the surgeon.His thesis was entitled "The successful method craniotomy and hidden ulceration of the kidneys."
medical practice
During battles in Polish and Russian-Turkish company Vladimir proved himself a brilliant military doctor.In 1832, he joined as an intern at St. Petersburg hospital and soon became a well-known and respected doctor in the city.
PIMelnikov (Dahl biographer) wrote: "Moving away from the surgical practice, Vladimir Ivanovich did not leave medicine.He found a new addiction - homeopathy and ophthalmology. "
Military activities
Dahl biography, a summary of which shows that Vladimir has always reached its goals, describes the case when the writer proved himself as a soldier.This happened in 1831 when General Ridiger crossing over the river Vistula (Polish company).Dahl helped build a bridge across it, defended it, and after crossing - destroyed.For non-direct medical responsibilities Vladimir Ivanovich received a reprimand from his superiors.But later the king personally awarded the Vladimir cross ethnographer future.
first steps in literature
Dahl, a short biography which was well known to his descendants, began his literary career with a scandal.He composed an epigram Craig - Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and Julia Kulchinskaya - his civil wife.During that Vladimir Ivanovich was arrested in September 1823 for 9 months.After the acquittal, he moved from Nikolaev to Kronstadt.
In 1827 Dahl published his first poems in the magazine "Slav."And in 1830, it opened as a writer in the story "Gypsy", published in "Moscow Telegraph".Unfortunately, in one article it is impossible to tell in detail about this wonderful product.If you want more information, you can refer to the thematic encyclopedias.Reviews of the novel can be in the "Vladimir Dahl: A Biography."For children, the writer also composed several books.The greatest success enjoyed "first pervinka" and "Pervinka another."
Recognition and second arrest
As writer Vladimir Dal, whose biography is well known to all students, made famous by the book "Russian Fairy Tales" published in 1832.Rector of Dorpat Institute invited his former student at the Department of Russian literature.Book of Vladimir taken as a thesis for a doctorate in philosophy.Now everyone knows that Dal - writer, Biography which is an example to follow.But disaster struck.The work is rejected by the Minister of Education as a unreliable.The reason for this was the official denunciation Mordvinova.
Dahl biography describes this event so.At the end of 1832 Vladimir Ivanovich to rotate through the hospital where he worked.People came in the form of, arrested him and took him to the Mordvinov.He struck the doctor with obscene language, waving in front of his nose, "Russian fairy tales," and the writer sent to prison.Vladimir helped Zhukovsky, who at the time was the teacher of Alexander - his son Nicholas I. Zhukovsky described the heir to the throne all that has happened, in the light of the anecdotal, describing Dahl as a modest and talented person, awarded medals and orders of the military service.Alexander persuaded his father to the absurdity of the situation, and Vladimir Ivanovich released.
friendship with Pushkin
Any published biography of Dahl includes time exploring the great poet.Vladimir Zhukovsky repeatedly promised that introduced him to Pushkin.Dahl was tired of waiting and took the copy of "Russian Fairy Tales", which have been withdrawn from sale, I went to Alexander Sergeyevich submitted independently.Pushkin, in response to Vladimir Ivanovich also presented a book - "The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda".Thus began their friendship.
At the end of 1836 Vladimir arrived in St. Petersburg.Pushkin visited him several times and asked about the linguistic findings.It is therefore very pleased heard from Dahl word "vypolzina."It meant a skin, which is reset after hibernation snakes and snakes.During a visit to Alexander Dahl she asked, pointing to his coat: "Well, if my good vypolzina?I'm not out of it soon crawled.Write to her masterpieces! "This coat, he was in a duel.In order not to cause unnecessary suffering of the wounded poet, "vypolzinu" had otporot.By the way, this case describes even Dahl biography for children.
Vladimir was involved in treating a fatal wound of Alexander, although not invited to the poet's native Dahl.Learning that one badly injured, he came to it himself.Pushkin was surrounded by several notable doctors.Apart from Ivan Spassky (family doctor Pushkin) and the court physician Nicholas Arendt attended three more specialist.Alexander Dahl and happily greeted with a prayer said, "Tell the truth, I'm going to die?" Vladimir said professionally, "We hope that everything will be fine and you should not despair."The poet shook his hand and thanked him.
Being dying, Pushkin gave Dahl a gold ring with an emerald, and said: "Vladimir, take a souvenir."And when the writer shook his head, Alexander repeated: "Take it, my friend, I was not destined to write."Subsequently, Dahl wrote about this gift of B. Odoyevskiy "How look at this ring, so just want to create something decent."Dahl visited the widow of the poet with the aim to return the gift.But Natalia has not accepted it, saying, "No, Vladimir, is your memory.And again, I want you to give him a bullet pierced his coat. "It was described above coat-vypolzina.
Marriage
In 1833 biography of Dahl was marked by an important event: he took a wife Julia Andre.By the way, she personally knew Pushkin himself.His impressions of acquaintance with the poet Julia handed in letters to E. Voronina.Vladimir and his wife moved to Orenburg, where they were born two children.In 1834, a son, Leo, and after 4 years - daughter Julia.Together with Dahl family moved to implement an official for special assignments at the governor VA Perovsky.
Widowed, Vladimir married again in 1840 to Ekaterina Sokolova.She gave birth to three daughters writer: Maria, Olga and Catherine.Last I wrote memories of his father, which were published in 1878 in the journal "Russian Gazette".
naturalist
In 1838, for the collection of collections of fauna and flora of the Orenburg region Dahl was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in the department of natural sciences.
Explanatory Dictionary
Anyone who is known Dahl biography, know about the main work of the writer - "Dictionary."When collected and processed to the letter "P", Vladimir wanted to retire and concentrate fully on the work on his brainchild.In 1859, Dahl moved to Moscow and settled in the house of Prince Shcherbatov, who wrote the "History of the Russian state."In this house we passed the final stages of work on the dictionary, which is still unsurpassed by volume.
Dahl set himself tasks that can be expressed in two quotations: "People living language should become a treasury and a source for the development of literate Russian speech";"Common definitions, subjects and words - it is impracticable and useless thing."And the thing everyday and easier, so it is tricky.Explanation and send word to others much more intelligible any definition.And the examples will help clarify the matter further. "
to achieve this great goal linguist Dal, whose biography is in many literary encyclopedias, spent '53.That's what a dictionary Kotlyarevsky wrote: "Literature, Russian science and the whole society has received a monument worthy of the greatness of our people.Work Dahl will be the subject of pride for future generations. "
In 1861, the first editions of the dictionary of the Imperial Geographical Society awarded Vladimir Ivanovich Konstantinovskaya medal.In 1868 he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences.But after the publication of the volumes of the dictionary Dahl received the Lomonosov Prize.
last years
In 1871, the writer was ill and asked about this Orthodox priest.Dahl did it because I wanted to receive communion in the Orthodox rite.That is, shortly before his death, he converted to Orthodoxy.
In September 1872 Vladimir Dal, whose biography has been described above, has died.He was buried with his wife at the cemetery Vagankovsky.Six years later, in the same land, and betrayed his son Leo.
