In the history of the theater building thousands of interesting, unexpected and beautiful things.Bakhrushin museum - Europe's largest collection of theater.His masterpiece starts with fingerprint makeup Tommaso Salvini on the glove Mary Yermolova and end the piano, which he sang to the accompaniment of Feodor Chaliapin.Alexey Bakhrushin was not just hospitable owner of the house, but also the owner of the gallery.
House Alexei Bakhrushin
Renowned builder Karl Karlovich Hippius of drawings which came under Moscow Zoo and Chinese tea house facade pearl on Butcher, concurrently was a family Bakhrushins architect.He built not just a house - Museum Bakhrushin, but even he did not know.1895-1896 years.Hippius independently worked on the project pseudo two-storey house on the street Zatsepsky Val, 12.
Besides English Gothic, it was a combination of two styles: Russian and Moorish.Because of the splendor and luxury of the house he was called Versailles.And since the house is located in the Val Zatsepsky, it became known as the Versailles at the toe.
In the 50-60s of the last century due to the repair of the damaged interior, but the front remained the same as it was originally.
Bakhrushin House for the young who just got married, was not the only work Hippius family.
philanthropists Dynasty Bakhrushina
average Russian now, little is known about the dynasty of Moscow merchant family, in addition to the phrase "Theater Museum.Bakhrushin. "But until 1917 they were known as benefactors.
first mention of the future family of patrons were in the 17th century.A man named Bahrush was baptized in the church attributed to his name surname Bakhrushin.The founder of the Moscow line was Alexei Fedorovich with his wife Ekaterina Ivanovna.The family moved to Moscow without money.For several years, they discovered the plant, which required huge funds.
In 1848 Alexei Fedorovich dies and leaves a wife and three sons are many unpaid debts.Children decide to develop the work of his father and in 1860 Bakhrushins expanding family production.With the income they allocate funds for medicine and culture.
In 1887 the family is building a hospital for the poor.The quality of medicine was so high that even the rich people were treated there (but, unlike the poor, for money).Then they build a shelter where you can get an education.And in 1895 - a home for widows and orphans with medical, cultural and educational centers.Then another 6 schools, 8 churches and 3 theaters, a total of more than 100 buildings.
third generation made famous by Alexei Petrovich and Alexey.The first collector of Russian antiques, second - theatrical props.It is from his collection grew Museum Bakhrushin.
founder and pride of the museum
Alexey Bakhrushin was born January 31, 1865 in Moscow, a prosperous but modest family.Since childhood, he instilled a love for art.His grandfather wrote poetry, and all the relatives collected anything.With six years old boy went to the Big and Small theaters.He participated in performances.In his younger years, he learned the family business, but as a result of a hobby superseded all other classes.
But once Alexei Alexandrovich began to collect specimens, which subsequently entered the Museum Bakhrushin.At first, he was fascinated by the rare things from the East.Then collect everything related to Napoleon.
Interests, stretched out on a century
There is a legend that the impetus for collecting antiques theater became a dispute with a merchant-collector NA Kupriyanov.He bragged to Bakhrushin collection of playbills on the second said that his collection will be broader.Then Alex won not only a dispute, but a hobby for life.And since 1890 the mansion Bakhrushina flocked various theatrical items.
At the beginning of his fascination amused all of Moscow.Feodor Chaliapin even once left his autograph on a napkin and said he will forward it Bakhrushin.
And he continued to collect things from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Paris theaters.
May 30, 1894 Bakhrushin first showed his collection of friends and colleagues.October 29, submitted to the public meeting.Then Bakhrushin Museum was born in Moscow.After this composition was replenished gifts from actors who supported his hobby.
Collector inherited
According to one version, it was a cousin Alexei Petrovich inspired Bakhrushin Aleksei Aleksandrovich on hobbies.He gave tips about collecting.He advised not to spend money in expensive stores and buy copies of the markets and on the Sukharev.
first exhibits were only in the basement of the house, but eventually spread to the upper rooms.Collection increased.Thus was formed the next leading State Central Theater Museum Bakhrushin.
Museum gift
When the mansion is left free from all three rooms of the theater, Alexey decides to pass gallery for free and full custody of the state.
Apparently, according to yet another cousin's advice he gives his treasure.The Council was: "not to transfer the collection to children, because they do not appreciate the work and dissolve the museum."
He appealed to the State Duma, but there he was denied on the basis of lack of funds in the city budget.
Museum took under his wing Konstantin Romanov (the president of the Academy of Sciences).In his decision, the gallery came under the control of the Academy.It was November 25, 1913
Even after the Revolution Theatre Museum.Bakhrushin wore his "bourgeois name."
With the advent of the new authorities of life deteriorated.The family worked hard to heat the room with the exhibits.
benefactor died June 7, 1929 in a small estate near Moscow slides.He was buried at the cemetery Vagankovsky.Alexey until the last day remained head of the museum.
Travel mansion Alexei Bakhrushin
Moscow Museum of Bakhrushin proud of his collection.
One of the outstanding exhibits - a portrait of Fyodor Chaliapin, which was written in 1909.It is the master of Russian opera.At the time, he was soloist with the Metropolitan Opera, the Bolshoi and the Mariinsky Theatre.He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.Portrait - work of Alexander Yakovlevich Golovin, artist, set designer and artist.Chaliapin in the image of Mephistopheles.
This portrait is hanging in front of the Cabinet Alexei Alexandrovich, the other - at the exit of the museum.At this time in the form of Boris Godunov.Author picture - Nikolay Vasilevich Kharitonov.
Sam Theodore was a frequent visitor and friend of the owner of the gallery, so a certain share stories about him - left to themselves.
Cabinet founder
Bakhrushin Museum in Moscow has in its ranks and personal belongings greatest fan.In the center of the cabinet - his portrait and a desk.Like any creative person, a table piled with thousands of little things.Each has its own history.Among them are cast in silver fist.There is a theory that it was poured for the official actors of the Maly Theater, and thus requested that he loosened his control over them.
in the office - working AL Roller, OA Kiprensky, Repin, Bryullov, Sorin, ZE Serebryakova, AV Fonvizin and others.
unique collection of posters made by well-known artists: AM and Viktor Vasnetsov, A. Golovin, SY Sudeikin, Ivan Bilibin, LS Bakst.
There showcase, which is dedicated to ballet.Collection of ballet shoes shows the evolution of the art.
birth Hall Theatre
Bakhrushin House tells the story of the temple of Melpomene.In the exhibition hall all the tours begin with a portrait of Fyodor Volkov, who created a permanent Russian theater and is considered its founder.The collection has an official decree in 1758 Queen Elizabeth II on the creation of the first public art.It is also true patent of nobility, which he received from Queen Catherine II.
Museum Bakhrushin rich and unusual collections, for example, such as details of the Theatre of the feudal Sheremetiev doll cribs and arenas.There is a hall dedicated to the first half of the 19th century, the area set aside where Alexander Pushkin.The exhibition is rich in letters of the poet, portraits of actors of the century, their personal belongings.
Many areas set aside for the samples from the favorite founder of the temple of Melpomene - the Maly Theater.Is the layout of the building in 1840.
Some things - thanks to the actors of the fans.Emotional letter, gifts nominal full Bakhrushin Museum.Exhibitions of costumes, manuscripts AMD autographs performers - all this in a family house.
road exhibits in the museum
Alexey often tricky.To invite the actor brings it to the window of the guest's name, after removing from the shelves a few interesting specimens, and complained of poor performance.And theatergoers immediately filled it with their personal belongings, which can be useful collection.So replenished Museum Bakhrushin.
much he bought in the markets.It is Sukharevka he bought for 50 rubles 22 portraits Sheremetyevo serf actors of the theater.Later it turned out that the paintings were stolen.It is also there that he learned to haggle.I was looking for something interesting and ask about the price of the neighboring.Seller, fascinated by the customer, praised the product and stuffed the price.Bakhrushin, as if by chance, asking price is close to the goods, the seller is not paying attention, I called the lower amount.Then the man bought the right thing on the cheap.
In Moscow went anecdote that Bakhrushin faster gravediggers.After all, as soon as the light moved away well-known actor, the man took away his belongings to his collection.Copies gave him with a clear conscience, because knew how it cares for the people.
Today Gallery includes nine branches - a memorial house, apartment of famous Russian theater and exhibition hall.
Many want to join the world of art.From time to time in this institution there are vacancies.Museum Bakhrushin pleased to take your team to someone who appreciates and respects the history of the theater.
