Create any business implies the initial capital for its further functioning.In today's economic environment prerequisite for financial independence is a strict control over cash flows regardless of the speed of their movement.The authorized capital is characterized by reduced mobility and rare movements, but the correctness of its registration and use depends on the profitability of each company.
authorized (share) fund
From the legal and economic position of the authorized capital provides three important functions:
- Warranty.Accrual rate amount of authorized capital as security for part of the obligations to creditors.
- Structure.The number and size of participation of each owner (founder) in the authorized capital determines the amount of his income, and the degree of participation in decisions of administrative character.
- Start.Providing assets in the initial stage of the company.
By definition, the share capital - is the amount of assets that the owners (founders) invests in the future of the company.Depending on the legal form of a registered, possible owners, and the scope of the organization chosen way to create a reserve fund.As the founder of the contribution can make:
- Cash (cash, non-cash, foreign) funds.
- Non-current (productive, non-productive) assets.
- intangible assets (which have an estimated value).
- Securities.
- Current assets.
Under either option of creating entries for the authorized capital should reflect the amount of each installment and usage for the needs of the enterprise.
Accounting
account 80 "Authorized capital" was created to reflect the movement of all operations and the formation of reserve funds of the enterprise.Account passive balance, it refers to the actual accrual equivalent to the amount of capital, it is governed by the laws of the Russian Federation and statutory organizations.Postings authorized capital formed at its creation, and at the time of changing its size to increase or decrease.Any adjustment to the amount specified in the balance sheet must be agreed to by all the owners and included in the articles of incorporation.Analysis is conducted on each owner individually.As the first entries in the authorized capital recorded accounting transactions: Debit 75;80.
Credit Opportunities Fund to increase the size of
By increasing the share (authorized) fund company owners can take advantage of a variety of assets.Depending on the use of funds issued capital contribution.Postings are made as follows:
1. Debit 52, 51, 50, 55;80. The increase in loan funds of the authorized capital in cash credited to the account, the special, the foreign currency account of the enterprise.
2. Debit 41, 10, 11;Credit 80. Current assets (materials, products, raw materials) introduced owners to reserve fund.
also possible to replenish the authorized capital assets, the following postings are made:
1. Debit 01;80. Loan made statutory fund assets.
2. Debit 04;80. Credit intangible assets taken as a contribution to the authorized capital.
change in the direction of increasing the amount of capital of the enterprise can be made with the consent of all the owners at the expense of the profits that are not distributed among the founders, and sent to the authorized (share) fund companies: AT 84;Km 80. Likewise, an increase may be due to the additional capital or assets of the reserve fund, which reflects the relevant postings and changes in constituent (statutory) documents of the company.
Decrease Fund
Reduce established amount contributed capital is only possible with the participation of all owners.The motivation of this step can serve as a financial and economic situation of the company.But most often it occurs as a result of decrease in the voluntary exit from the approved composition of the founders of several or one owner.This accrual expression of capital is not always reduced, the proportion of funds paid the former owners can be bought in force.Postings authorized capital, in the event of reduction, the following figure:
- AT 80;Rm 01, 04. Return of fixed assets, intangible assets received as a contribution to the statutory fund.
- AT 80;Rm 10, 41, 11 Return of materials, goods, the owner, has withdrawn from the founders of the company.
When contributions in cash or non-cash returns may come from the enterprise or cash settlement, foreign currency accounts: Am 80;Rm 50, 55, 51, 52. In order to avoid the negative effects of withdrawal of operating assets of the business (working capital, non-current, material), the owners can negotiate for the return of the statutory fund introduced cash (cash, non-cash) means.To this end, an assessment of the assets, calculated as the residual value.
Reflecting changes
Any movement of funds authorized capital must provide documentary evidence.It includes the minutes of the meeting of the founders (owners), signed and certified by the participants.On its basis the changes made to the articles of incorporation.This procedure takes a long period of time requires adjustment records, so the movement of the account 80 "Authorized capital" are rare.
