«In view of the current crime situation ..." - who among us has not heard these words, that warn of possible danger.One of the reasons contributing to the development of negative factors affecting the illicit trafficking of objects.This situation leads to the fact that there is a black market weapons in Russia.Along with its development there are prerequisites for improving organized crime and terrorism.
concept
By definition, a weapon - is any tool that can be used for signaling, life-saving (self-defense), killing or destruction of any living target.
In order to ensure a unified legal policy in the traffic of arms in 1997, entered into force the Federal Law 'On Arms »№ 150-FZ, which regulates the scope of the whole armory and are the basic concepts.According to the law, the function to implement the control of firearms trafficking lies with the police.The terms of reference defined in the Federal Law "On Police", which entered into force in 2011.
should be noted that with the adoption of the Law "On Weapons" has increased the number of people who buy hunting, sports and other guns and pistols legal way.This weapon must be registered, and the owner must have a license for the acquisition, storage and use of this item.This feature provides a special police department - OLRR (department of licensing and permitting work).
Unfortunately, the law "On Weapons" item disclosed enough, allowing to interpret this provision in its sole discretion.In particular, it is not included in the list of non-lethal weapons category (for example, a gas gun), which, though not a traumatic, but is designed for the shooting.The standard bullets may be replaced by traumatic.
Types weapons
The law № 150-FZ are the following (some of them are displayed on the illegal arms market).
1. Civil arms:
a) self-defense weapon:
• Fire smooth-bore weapons, including traumatic ammunition.
• Weapons of limited impact.
• Gas weapons.
• electric shock devices.
b) sporting weapons:
• Firearms with a rifled barrel.
• Smooth-bore.
• Cold bladed.
• Thrown.
• pneumatic with muzzle energy of not more than 3 J.
c) hunting weapons:
• long-barreled Firearms with a rifled barrel.
• Smooth-bore long-barreled, including the threaded portion of not more than 140 mm.
• Combined long-barreled type, including with replaceable and supplementary rifled barrel.
• pneumatic with muzzle energy of not more than 25 J.
• Cold bladed.
g) signaling weapon;
d) bladed weapon to wear the national costume;
e) weapons used for cultural and educational purposes - Antiquarian deactivated having cultural value.
Thus, these types of weapons are legitimate and can be produced, acquired, are suitable for carrying, storage and use.
arms which prevails in illegal circulation, mainly combat firearms.The cost of weapons on the black market is determined by the providers.
Self weapon
are often cases when the gun goes gain prohibited by law.Any manipulation with him, which lead to the fact that change substantially different characteristics not provided for by the law, make it a prohibited weapon.In these cases you need to pay special attention, as the law does not specify moments that allow modernization.For such a spontaneous change and use provides for administrative and criminal liability.
In particular, the Criminal Code, there is Article 223, which states that is unlawful manufacture, alteration, or repair, as well as illegal trade in weapons, which could result in a penalty of up to two years of real life in the colony.And those people who as a result of their actions is still recognized the illegality of manipulation and voluntarily surrendered the arsenal, exempt from criminal liability.
Administrative Code Articles 20.8-20.15 governing the use, transfer, sell, modify, and licensing of weapons and wearing his persons in a condition of alcoholic or other intoxication.The penalty for persons who committed an administrative offense punishable with which punishable by a fine in cases where not contain a criminal offense.In this sense, the researchers of the Russian legislation argue that the discrepancy between the criminal and the administrative code in relation to arms trafficking creates duality sentence in legislative policy, because it is difficult to determine the attitude of responsibility.
reasons for arms trafficking
Illicit trafficking of weapons in Russia so far has reached epidemic proportions due to lack of technical and legal standards in the licensing and permitting department.Production Standardization and Certification of arms enshrined in the law "On Technical Regulation", which was adopted in 2003.However, the specific weapons as a subject, which is a threat to life and health, requires the adoption of legislative acts regulating all the features of weapons, except not associated with the use of its properties.
You can start with the fact that the illegal circulation of weapons among the population quite common.Disadvantages of the legislation are reflected in the reluctance of citizens to register it.This is primarily due to the duration of the procedure, the need to take actions, which do not always have the time.The employees themselves say that the need to improve the technical regulations, which would expedite the licensing and registration of weapons.Identify relevant weapons specifications required at the moment of expertise that employees do not have OLRR.This, in turn, creates the need to involve outside experts, which takes time.
In addition, it should be noted that illegal weapons is required for people who are not able to get it legally for any reason.
legally acquired weapons
to legally buy some lethal force is necessary to obtain permits and licenses.Without these documents, weapons owned by a citizen, will be considered as illegal.Weapons must be purchased from a registered officially businessman resolution that can be obtained in the department of licensing and permitting work.It is really half a year.Firearms unit must provide for inspection at the same department.From this, if necessary, to make test results to be entered shooting in pulegilzoteku, and then you can get a license for possession, carrying and use of weapons.The document is valid for 5 years.To obtain such permission, proceed as follows:
- undergo a medical commission.
- receive the necessary training for the handling of weapons.
should be noted that the use of arms is prohibited to persons who:
- are registered in the drug treatment and mental hospital;
- have outstanding convictions;
- have a previous conviction for trafficking in weapons;
- not reached the age of 18 years.
To buy certain weapons age must be at least 21 years.
These and other relevant provisions of laws on weapons, including the Criminal and Administrative Codes, should be strictly observed, otherwise the arms trafficking will be considered illegal.
illegal purchase of weapons
entirely different legal institution has a black market weapons in Russia.By comparison, an illegal weapon on its own - part of the iceberg on the surface of the shadow economy.Currently, you can buy weapons, not only knowing the supplier directly, but also through the Internet.
high cost of such weapons, as compared to the legal instances, is not an obstacle for criminals or people who just want to be armed.Overpaying, the buyer does not just save time, but also receives any weapons on their needs.
black market weapons in Russia is constantly updated with new and new instances, and methods of combating illicit trafficking in weapons remain at the same level.
sources of illegal weapons
Basically, it comes from the following sources:
- military depots (theft of weapons from military bases).
- Army footprint (stealing weapons during the war).
- Service weapons stolen from law enforcement officials.
- arms manufacturers, who are illegal business.
- smuggling from neighboring countries.
According to statistics, 17% of the weapons comes from places of armed conflict, 14% - cases of theft, 5% of the total - the results of "black archeologists".However, respondents did not want to give their names, which have specific knowledge in the field of illicit arms trafficking, they said that weapons found during excavations for a long time no one is buying - undignified.
legitimate purchase weapons.The right to acquire weapons
legal production cost depends on what kind of view it is acquired.In addition, ordinary citizens can buy the following:
- weapon for self-defense.
- Sport.
- Hunting.
- bladed melee weapon that is designed to be worn with the national costume.
Military weapons can be acquired only strictly prescribed if it is connected with the need to use it.This may include the following structure:
- law enforcement.
- militarized guard.
- Russian Armed Forces.
- Private security organization.
In this assault weapons, the price of which is regulated by the state, sold under license, which is issued by the organization.Employees who are authorized to keep and bear arms, are trained.
smooth-cost units in one of the legitimate sites:
cost of certain types of illegal weapons
black market weapons in Russia provides a model mostly combat units.According to some reports, the TT is more common than the PM, as the "Macarena" come mainly written off, that is, they have already had shot her.
Today modern organized crime prefers to use a foreign weapon with a silencer, so the domestic models have strongly fallen in price.Cost arms ranges from 100 to 900 dollars, and in some cases higher.
For example, in the 90's, when rampant crime was at its peak, the AK-74 can be bought for $ 500.Today the situation has changed, and the same machine, and has already been the case, it can be purchased for $ 150.
accurate statistics on the cost of not, the more impossible to find a publicly available price for "oil weapon", but it is known that the price is almost twice the legal.
Officially, the Ministry of Defence refused to buy an AK-74 in favor of the new weapons that might "Izhmash" will provide the state.Currently warehouses filled with this type of weapon, whereas in modern warfare requires more sophisticated model than the legendary machine.
deprivation license
Companies engaged in manufacturing weapons are required to be licensed by the Regulation "On licensing of certain activities".In addition, it must be observed not only legal rules but also the conditions of production, storage and sales.The police, according to the law "On Police" has the right to inspect the premises, including the utility, for compliance with the above conditions.If a police officer has revealed any violation, the appropriate act.Licenses in this case, the company may lose.
further production and trade in weapons without permits are illegal acts, punishable by law.This provision is reflected in article 171 of the Criminal Code - illegal business activities without a license.
Illegal manufacture of weapons
Not all the companies that lost their licenses, refuse from the production and sale of weapons.Business turnover of units brings significant revenue, so there is an illegal business of manufacturing and selling arms.Basically the deal go through familiar entities in which management is confident.
Moving production of weapons into the shadow economy brings substantial losses to the state, as the monies received during the implementation of the weapons are unregistered and acquire the status of income received illegally.In the future, there is their legalization, but the tax control these funds are not subject.
laundering of funds provided for in Article 174 and 174.1 of the Criminal Code and is punishable up to 10 years in prison.
Features Collector weapons, copies and replicas
under legislative regulation falls not only military weapons, the prices of which have been mentioned earlier, but also a collector.It will also be subject to registration and certification, even if not used.Basically, such a weapon is of historical value, and those wishing to purchase a unique instance enough.
addition, there are copies and replicas of weapons, which played on the original drawings.These kinds of things, in fact, not be considered as a weapon, as it does not have the killing power, but they have all the features of the original.
copies, models, replicas of weapons are not properly the subject of which is dangerous for life and health characteristics, so it can be purchased freely without any permits.
It is worth remembering that while wearing copies of weapons and is not a crime, the citizen has the right to hold the police to ascertain the circumstances as necessary to confirm the veracity of the owner of the subject reproduced the image of the original.
Legalization weapons
deserves special attention legalization of weapons.In 2014, it was reported that soon will be allowed to carry and use any units, including combat.However, the Interior Ministry has denied this statement, saying that would be modernized standards of technical regulations.This update will not have anything to do with the resolution of any arms trafficking, the ministry said.
Today amended "Regulations circulation of civilian and service weapons and ammunition on the territory of the Russian Federation", according to which allowed citizens to carry a traumatic weapons for self-defense, having the license for storage, carrying and use.Previously, the law allowed to carry weapons only during target practice, hunting and sporting events.
