Ivan Danilovich was born around 1280, he lived for about 60 years, during which very successful in the political arena, having acquired at the time the great power and strength.For its wealth and constant assistance to the poor was nicknamed Kalita - "money bag".
historical portrait of Ivan Kalita describes him as a visionary and a cunning politician, brave soldier and a good host.It was he who laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Russian land, headed by the Moscow principality.
Early Years
Ivan I - grandson of the famous Alexander Nevsky, the youngest son of Daniel Alexandrovich, Prince of Moscow.His childhood and adolescence is not known.The first mention of Ivan made in the annals of Novgorod the Great and refers to 1296, when the young Prince became governor of the city by the will of his father.
A few years later his father appointed him to rule Pereslavl-Zaleski.This period is known only that in 1304 attacked Tver Pereyaslavl Boyar Akinfiev.Ivan defended the city first announced himself as a glorious military leader.After defeating credibility has increased significantly.
After his father's death in 1303 on the throne sat the eldest son of Yuri Danilovich, who ruled until 1325.Creating a historical portrait of Ivan Kalita, one can not forget that during the reign of his brother, he was his loyal companion, never betrayed and weaving intrigues against him.Yuri Ivan completely trust, quietly left his nametnikom during his absence.Such relations were except for those times when came to power through bloodshed and fratricide.
historical portrait of Ivan Kalita as the Duke of Moscow
Yuri made a fatal mistake when in 1321, collecting tribute from the Russian land, rather than to take her Golden Horde Khan, put into circulation, wanting to earn extra income.Uzbek Khan was told about this, he became very angry and deprived of rights violators reign.In 1325, Yuri went to the horde with a request to return him to the label on the board, but was hacked to death.Uzbek Khan appointed prince of Moscow Ivan Danilovich.
Being more than 20 years the right hand of Yuri Danilovich, Ivan I, was aware of all the affairs of the principality.His reign, he began with an unexpected move - transferred to Moscow department of Metropolitan Peter, one touch to make Moscow the spiritual center of Russia.After Prince zhetoko quickly and dealt with the robbers, who constantly attacked the merchants.Secure trade routes soon to revive the market.In Moscow, the money flowed.It depicts a historical portrait of Ivan Kalita as a very clever politician.
in 1327 there was an uprising in Tver, in which was killed by the Horde ambassador Chol Khan.Angered by Uzbek Khan suppressed the uprising, in which he was helped Ivan Kalita.In gratitude for the loyalty Khan gave him the label on the board Kostroma and Novgorod.Ivan, using location Uzbeks begged his permission to collect tribute from the Russian land and bring it to the horde.Khan agreed, and since then the Tartars no longer appear within the possessions Kalita.Prince for 40 years has provided peace of their land.
So, in no time, Prince Ivan Kalita did Muscovy spiritual center of Russia, provided the material prosperity and security.
Chronology of activities
historical portrait of Ivan Kalita help create chorology his life:
- 1331 - married the son of Simeon on the Lithuanian princess, thus concluding a fragile peace with Lithuania;
- 1336 - fought off an attack on the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas Novgorod lands, received the title of Prince of Novgorod;
- 1338 - start of construction of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity;
- 1340 - a raid on Smolensk, who refused to pay tribute to the Horde, to protect Moscow's Kremlin was built of oak.
land and cultural policy
Ivan Kalita, during whose reign marked by the strengthening of the positions of Muscovy, connected via marriages of their decherey Beloozero, Galich and Uglich, bought or traded more than 50 surrounding villages and settlements near Kostroma, Rostovand Vladimir, Kirzhach along rivers and MSTA in the Novgorod land, placing all his deputies.Power Duke of Moscow has increased incredibly.But he never showed it to the Horde Khan, keeping the peace and quiet of Russian lands.
During the reign of Ivan Kalita built churches and cathedrals.He first made a law of succession, according to which power passed from father to eldest son.This has contributed to the elimination of destructive mezhduusobits.
