Some computer owners, only recently began to explore the world of computer technology, may not even be aware that in addition to the operating system and various programs, which can be accustomed to work (double click - installation - start), there is the whole area is partially available softwarecodes.It is, of course, about the BIOS (BIOS).
Let's see what the bios.To make it more clear, let's start with an example.Imagine an abstract computer where you need to load the operating system Vindovs.Include appropriate power cord into the wall outlet and press the power button on the system unit and ... nothing happens, because the time we did not know what the bios, is on the board and it is not.Think about where the computer can "know" that you need to start downloading it to your hard drive, and specific?After all, you can boot from the flash drive, a CD, even on a local network.Why is the hard drive?Therefore, we can assume that somewhere there is a computer program mechanism to indicate where to start the download.
guess is correct!This truly is.Here we come to the question of what the bios.In any motherboard has a special chip, which has entered a small factory management software.Its functions are, of course, not limited to only one choice of boot device.
Work computer as follows: all components are supplied with power, their internal controllers perform self-tests, and, if all goes well, put a bit of readiness.Next, control is passed to the firmware, located in the BIOS chip, it scans the tires for the connected components and queries of their status registers.Then, the BIOS configures the IRQ interrupts and DMA channels for all connected components.Also in accordance with the delay exhibited SPD memory modules and chipset.By the way, CAS can only be set at this stage, until the memory is not being used.Now it became clear that this bios?
If a problem the algorithm is interrupted and an error message (it could be the writing on the screen or coded piping system dynamics).
user can intervene in the BIOS, making adjustments: Select the delay memory, the prohibition / activation of many of the installed components, an indication of the order of survey devices to load the operating system.The changes are saved thanks to the duty voltage battery located on the motherboard.The base is part of the BIOS remains unchanged.For its updates must be downloaded from the motherboard manufacturer and a utility corresponding firmware.When old firmware program recorded in the chip is erased, and in its place a new written.By the way, to get into the BIOS settings of a personal computer, you need to press the Del key immediately after turning on the system unit.After making the desired adjustments, do not forget to keep them (the Exit menu option).Bios on the laptop performs the same function.The only difference is that the configuration is much less than a full computer.
inscription on the screen that appears when you turn - Award, Ami or Phoenix Technologies, indicates the types of BIOS.Although there are more, but computers are most often used these.They work the same.The differences lie in the structure of the various menu items, the amount available to the user settings, the implementation of the transfer load.Currently, the classic BIOS gradually giving way to its ideological receiver - system UEFI.This innovation was revised many of the key features of the BIOS.In principle, UEFI BIOS Name can be used only with reservations.
