weather in different parts of our planet is always determined by climatic zone.Such a little, but in each hemisphere one or another natural area has its own characteristics.Now we look at the main climatic zones of our planet and transition, noting their main characteristics and position.
few general words
Our planet, as we know, consists of land and water.In addition, these two components have different structures (land can be mountains, lowlands, hills or the desert, the ocean can have a cold or warm flow).It is because of the impact that has the Sun to the Earth with the same intensity, quite differently displayed in different areas.Such interaction is the reason that formed the main climate zones of the world and transition that are in between.The former have a large area, characterized by stable weather conditions.The second stretch narrow stripes parallel to the equator, and the temperature in their various areas can be very diverse.
main natural areas
first geographers have identified the main climate zones of the planet in the middle of the 19th century, and they were mostly descriptive.Since then and until today there were four: polar, temperate, tropical and equatorial.In addition, it is important to highlight that the current polar climate scientists share two distinct areas - the Arctic and the Antarctic.The fact that the poles of the earth are not symmetrical because the weather in each of these regions is different.In the north, oddly enough, the climate is milder, in the polar regions, even meets the vegetation, as summer is coming off the snow.In the south, these phenomena can not be found, and there are seasonal variations in temperature surpasses 60 degrees.Below is a map of climatic zones of the world, looking for that you can quickly navigate to their location.
equatorial climate over land
Locating this natural area - the northern part of South America;Central Africa and the Congo Basin, and Lake Victoria, and the tops of the Nile;most of the Indonesian archipelago.In each of these places can be traced very humid climate.The annual rainfall here is equal to 3000 mm and more.For this reason, many areas that fall within the zone of equatorial cyclones covered marshes.Comparing all the other climatic zones and areas of the world with the equator, we can confidently say that this is the wet area.It is worth noting that the summer rains there occur more often than in winter.They fall in the form of short and very heavy rains, the consequences of which dry up in minutes, and the sun warms the ground again.Seasonal temperature fluctuations is not here - all year round thermometer is kept within 28-35 above zero.
Sea equatorial climate
strip that extends along the equator in the ocean is called the zone of dynamic minimum.The pressure here is also low, as over land, which provokes a great amount of precipitation - over 3,500 mm per year.Among other things, so humid climatic zones and areas over the waters characterized by clouds and fog.Here formed a very dense air masses due to the fact that moisture and filled the air, and, in fact, the water surface.Flows always warm, so that the water evaporates very quickly and its natural natural turnover occurs constantly.The temperature regime is kept within 24 - 28 degrees without pre-season fluctuations.
tropical zone over land
Just note that the main climate zones of the world are very different from each other, and it does not depend on how close they are to each other are arranged.A striking example of this is the tropics, which, in fact, not so far are from the equator.This natural area is divided into two parts - north and south.In the first case, it takes a large part of Eurasia (Arabia, Southern Iran, the extreme point of Europe in the Mediterranean Sea), North Africa, and Central America (especially Mexico).In the second - a territory of some of South America, the Kalahari Desert in Africa and central part of mainland Australia.Here reigns dry and hot climate with a very sharp temperature changes.The amount of rainfall in a year is equal to 300 mm, Rain, fog and rain are rare.Summer is always very hot - over 35 degrees, and in winter the temperature drops to 18.As the temperature varies dramatically and within a day - the day can be as many as 40, and the night would only be 20.Very often fly over the tropics monsoon - strong winds that destroy the rocks.Because in this area and formed so many deserts.
Tropical oceans on
Table of climatic zones of the world gives us the opportunity to understand that the ocean tropics have slightly different characteristics.There is more humid and cooler, more case of rain and wind blowing more strongly.The amount of precipitation in a year - 500 mm.The average summer temperature - 25 degrees, and the average winter - 15.A feature of the oceanic tropical climate and are considered current.Along the western coast of America, Africa and Australia are cold water, because there is always cooler and drier.And the eastern shores are washed by the warm waters, and then found more rain and the temperature is much more high.
biggest natural area: the climate is temperate.Features over land
main climatic zones of the planet it is impossible to imagine without the temperate zone, which dominates much of Eurasia and North America.This area is characterized by change of seasons - winter, spring, summer, autumn, under which fluctuate significantly humidity and temperature.Conventionally continental zone is divided into two subtypes:
- Maritime temperate climate.These are zones located in Western Europe and North America in the West.Summer here is cool - no more than 23, and the winter is warm - not less than 7.Rainfall may reach 2,000 mm, while they fall evenly throughout the year.Often case of fog.
- continental temperate climate.Then rainfall decreases dramatically - about 200-500 mm per year.Winter is very cold (-30 - 40 or more) with permanent snow, and summers are hot and dry - up to 40, which is clearly shown in Table climatic zones of the world.In addition, more than a certain point is the sea, the land, she and temperature differences there are sharper.
polar regions of the Earth
pressure zone are located in the far north and far south of our planet.In the first case, the waters of the Arctic Ocean and all the islands found there.In the second case is Antarctica.Map climatic zones of the world often shows us both zones as identical to their weather conditions in the area.In fact, the difference between them is.In the North, the annual variations in temperature is about 40 degrees.In winter the temperature drops to -50, and in the summer warms up to five.In Antarctica, the temperature difference of as much as 60 degrees in the winter is very cold here -70 and more fierce, and in summer the thermometer rises above zero.A typical phenomenon for both poles - the polar day and night.In summer the sun for several months does not go beyond the horizon, and in the winter, respectively, did not appear at all.
Transitional climatic zones of the planet
These natural areas are located between the main.Despite this, they have their own characteristics that distinguish them from the crowd.Typically, such transition zones are the places where there is a mild weather, normal humidity and moderate winds.Transitional climatic zones were discovered in the late 19th century, their classification remains unchanged to this day.Their names are known to every schoolchild - sub-equatorial, subtropical and subpolar.Now we look at each of them.
Overview transient natural areas
- Subequatorial climate.Characterized by seasonal weather changes.In winter, the wind direction shall be here tropical air masses.Because rainfall is extremely small, the air gets cooler, the clouds dispersed.In the summer the wind direction changes, here come the equatorial cyclones.Due to this huge amount of rain fall - 3000 mm, it becomes very hot.
- Subtropical.It is located between the tropics and the temperate latitudes.Here the situation is similar.In summer, winds blow from the tropics, due to which it becomes very hot and sunny.In winter arrive cyclones of temperate latitudes, it gets cold, sometimes it snows, but a permanent cover is formed.
- subpolar climate.Zone dynamic minimum, with high humidity and very low temperatures - more than -50.It is noteworthy that in the Northern Hemisphere subpolar zone covers mainly the land, and in the South - is a solid area of water near Antarctica.
What climatic zones in Russia?
Our country is located in the northern hemisphere, while in the East.The climate is beginning to form in the waters of the Arctic Ocean and ends on the shores of the Black Sea and the Caucasus.Now we list all the names of the main climate zones, which are found in Russia: arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical.Most of the country is moderate stripe.It is conventionally divided into four types: temperate continental, continental and sharply continental monsoon.The level of humidity and temperature changes depending on how deep into the continent is a geographic feature.In general, the State is characterized by the presence of all four seasons, hot and dry summers and cold winters, with permanent snow cover.
Conclusion
Features of a global climate largely depend on the terrain on which it is located.North earth largely covered land, because there was formed a so-called dynamic zone maximum.Always observed low rainfall, strong winds and large seasonal temperature fluctuations.The main climate zones of the northern hemisphere - is the polar area, moderate and tropical.In the south, a large part of the planet is water.The climate is always wetter, less temperature fluctuations.Most countries here are in subequatorial latitudes, the tropics and subtropics.Temperate zone accounts for only on a small plot of land in South America.Also, a significant part of the land takes the Antarctic area, which is located on the mainland of the same name.
