vast area the country has a favorable geographical position - China.It is located in East Asia.Its terrain is very diverse.In China, there are mountains, hills, plains, highlands, river valleys, deserts.It is the most populated country in the world.However, large areas of China deserted.After all, most of the population is concentrated in the plains.
Geographical location
China on the world map takes a position on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.Its area is almost equal to the area of all Europe.China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.In the area of the country surpass Russia and Canada only.
China's territory stretches for 5200 kilometers from east to west and 5500 kilometers from north to south.The most eastern point of the country is located at the confluence of the Ussuri and Amur, the western - in the Pamir Mountains, the southernmost - including the Spratly Islands, the northernmost - in the Amur River in Mohe County.
China on the world map in the east bordering several seas that are part of the Pacific Ocean.The coastline of the country stretches for 18,000 km.Sea in China creates a border with five countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Brunei and the Philippines.
from the south, north and west passes land border.Its length is 22117 km.As China has a land border with Russia, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, India, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar.
geographical position of China is quite good for its economic development.
Relief
relief of the country is very diverse.China, whose geography is wide, has a stepped landscape.It consists of three levels, decreasing from west to east.
the south-west of the state are the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas.It is the highest stage in the landscape of a country such as China.Geography and topography mostly consist of highland plateaus and mountains.The lowest level, consisting of plains, located off the coast.
Southwest China
Some of the world's highest mountain range is located in the south-west of the country.Apart from China, the Himalayas stretch across India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan.On the border of the State in question is 9 out of 14 of the highest mountains of the world - Mount Everest, Chogori, Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Shishapangma, Chogori several peaks of Gasherbrum massif.
Tibetan Plateau is located to the north of the Himalayas.It is the largest area and highest plateau in the world.It is surrounded by mountain ranges on all sides.In addition to the Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau neighbors - Kunlun, Qilian Mountains, the Karakoram, the Sino-Tibetan mountains.The last of these and adjacent Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are inaccessible areas.He cut deep rivers, the Yangtze, Mekong and Salween.
Thus, the characteristics of China's geographical position in the south-west is characterized by a mountain.
Northwest China
the north-west of the country near the Tibetan Plateau are Tarim Basin, Taklimakan Desert and the Turpan Depression.The last object is the deepest in East Asia.It located further north Junggar plain.
east of Tarim Basin contrasts even more geographical position.China in these places changes the landscape on the steppes and deserts.This is the territory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.It is located on a high plateau.It took most of the Gobi Desert and Alashan.Loess Plateau adjacent to it from the south.This area is very fertile and rich in forests.
Northeast China
northeastern part of the country is quite flat.There are no high mountain ranges.In this part of China is plain Sunlyao.It is surrounded by small mountains - Greater and Lesser Hinggan, Changbai.
North China
In northern China's major agricultural areas are concentrated.This part of the country consists of vast plains.They are well-fed rivers and very fertile.These are plain as Lyaohesskaya and North China.
Southeastern China
southeastern part of the country stretches from the mountains of the ridge Huayyanshan Qinling.To it also provides the island of Taiwan.The local landscape consists mainly of hills, alternating with valleys of the rivers.
South China
In the south are areas of Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and part.It also includes a year-round resort island of Hainan.Local relief up hills and small mountains.
Climate and weather
climate is not uniform.It is influenced by geographical location.China is in three climatic zones.Therefore, the weather in different parts of the country is different.
northern and western China are in the zone of moderate continental climate.The average temperature here in winter is -7 ° C, While there, she goes down to -20 ° C.In summer, the temperature is at + 22 ° C.For winter and fall are characterized by strong winds are withering.
Central China lies in the subtropical climate zone.In winter, the air temperature is between 0 and -5 ° C.In summer it is kept at + 20 ° C.
Southern China and the island has a tropical monsoon climate.There thermometer winter ranges from +6 to + 15 ° C, and in the summer is enhanced by 25 ° C.For this part of the country are characterized by powerful typhoons.They occur in winter and autumn.
annual rainfall decreases from the south and the east to the north and west - from about 2000 mm to 50 mm.
Population According to 2014, the state is home to 1.36 billion people.A large country, China is home to 20% of the Earth's inhabitants.
State is on the verge of a demographic crisis relocation.Therefore, the government is struggling with high birth rates.His goal - to one child per family.But demographic policy is conducted flexibly.So, are allowed to give birth to her second child ethnic minorities, and families living in the countryside if the first child - a girl or a physical abnormalities.
Part of the population is opposed to such a policy.She particularly unhappy in the countryside.After all, there is higher demand for the birth of a large number of boys as the future workforce.
But the projected population growth will continue to grow, in spite of this.It is estimated that in 2030 China will live a half a billion people.
population density
population is distributed very unevenly across the country.This is due to the difference in geographical conditions.The average population density is 138 people per square kilometer.This figure seems quite acceptable.He does not talk about overpopulation.After all, the same figure is typical for some European countries.
But the average figure does not reflect the real situation.In the country there are areas where almost no one lives, and live in Macau 21,000 people per square kilometer.
Half of the country is almost uninhabited.The Chinese live in river basins, the fertile plains.And in the highlands of Tibet, in the deserts of Gobi and Taklamakan almost no settlements.
National composition of the population and the language
live in the country of different nationalities.Most of the population considers itself Han.But in addition to them, China's 55 ethnic distinction.The largest nation - Zhuang, Manchu, Tibetans, the least numerous - Loba.
dialects in different parts of the country are also different.The difference between them is so great that a resident of southern China does not understand the North.But the country has a national language putunha.Residents of China, moving from region to region, are obliged to own it, to avoid communication problems.
also common in the country Mandarin or Peking dialect.It can be considered an alternative to putunhe.After Mandarin owns 70% of the population.
Religion and beliefs population
Since the mid XX century in China as in the communist state, was not welcomed to follow their religious convictions and beliefs.Atheism was the official ideology.
But from 1982 on this issue has changed.The Constitution was written right to freedom of religion.The most common religions here are Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.But popular as Christianity, Islam, Judaism.
largest city in China is not a lot of big cities.The population of this country is not urbanized.But where begins the construction of the city, it grows to the size of a huge metropolis that combines a large number of residential, business, commercial, industrial and agricultural zones.For example, Chongqing.It is the largest representative of these cities.According to 2014 its population of 29 million people.Its area is almost equal to the area of Austria and of 82400 square kilometers.
Other major cities are Shanghai, Tianjin, Harbin, Guangzhou, and, of course, Beijing, capital of China.
Beijing
Chinese call Beijing Beytszin.This translates to the northern capital.Urban design features simple geometry.Streets oriented parts of the world.
Beijing - the capital of China and one of the most exciting cities in the country.His heart is Tiananmen Square.Translated it means "Gate of Heavenly Peace."The main building on the square - the mausoleum of Mao Zedong.
important landmark is the Forbidden City.It is called the Forbidden City.It is a beautiful and ancient palace complex.
No less interesting and Yuanminyuan Iheyuan.This garden-palace complexes.They are surprisingly combined miniature rivers, graceful bridges, waterfalls, residential buildings.The atmosphere is wonderful harmony and a sense of unity with nature.
In the capital, there are many temples of religious movements, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism.One of the most interesting.This is the Temple of Heaven Tian Tan.It is the only religious building in the city of circular shape.It has a unique wall.If you say a word about it, even the quietest whisper, it will spread throughout its length.
remarkable and eternal peace Yonghe Temple.It Lamaist religious structure.There is a statue of Buddha, carved from a single trunk of sandalwood.Its length is 23 meters.
In Beijing, operates a number of museums.Particularly noticeable National Art Gallery.It houses a large collection of Chinese painting.No less interesting Museum of Natural History, where you can trace the entire path of development of China.
Attraction is the Wangfujing Street.This is a favorite place for walks, both tourists and local people.The history of the street began over 700 years ago.Now it is reconstructed.The street is located in the shopping center.It harmoniously combines ancient and modern culture.
near Beijing Great Wall of China begins.With it, the majority of people and the associated country.This grand structure.It stretches for 67,000 km.Construction of the wall lasted more than 2,000 years.
