Today, gold is valued throughout the world.There is not one girl who would not have dreamed of gold ornaments.The precious metal has gained immense popularity for a long time.Even in ancient times with the help of manufactured jewelry, amulets and utensils.Today the purchase of gold jewelry in the cellar.Many jewelry stores offer a huge range.
little history
Few people know that the gold - it is the first metal that was discovered by mankind.Ever since the Neolithic period begins the story of the discovery of the chemical element.Gold for several millennia before our era was widely used in ancient Egypt, China, Rome, India.The mention of the precious metal can be found in the "Odyssey", the Bible and other monuments of ancient literature.The ancient alchemists called gold "the king of metals."A designated it a symbol of the sun.
In those places where civilization first originated, as time and began a massive gold mine.It is the eastern Mediterranean, the Indus Valley, North Africa.Gold prefers solitude.Most often, it is found in native form.In ancient times, the metal was collected manually.To raise one gram of gold, had to work day and night.
Closely related to the various geographical discoveries history of chemical element.Gold could be detected almost immediately on the new earth.
Gold in nature
chemical element in nature Gold circulated widely enough.On average, in the lithosphere contains about 4.3 × 10-7% based on the weight.The cost of metal is high due to the complexity of its production.Gold is also found in igneous rocks.Here it is scattered.The Earth's crust is formed hydrothermal deposits of gold, which plays a huge role in the industry.In the native state this metal is most commonly mined ores.Only in rare cases are formed minerals with bismuth, antimony, selenium and so on. D.
chemical element gold is also contained in the biosphere.Here, it migrates in conjunction with various organic compounds.The river suspensions can often find metal.One liter of natural water can contain about 4 x 10-9% precious metal.In areas of gold deposits in the groundwater gold may be present in much larger quantities.As history shows a chemical element, gold managed to find even in the form of whole deposits of precious metal underground.
Today, gold is mined in 40 countries.The main reserves of the precious metal is concentrated in the CIS countries, Canada, South Africa.
physical properties of the precious metal
Gold - is quite ductile metal.He easily susceptible to mechanical stress.Gold good quality can be elongated to a wire or forged into flat sheets.Metal is resistant to various chemical influences, easy to conduct electricity and heat.The density of gold at room temperature is about 19.32 g / cm3.
chemical element is characterized by gold bright yellow in the absence of impurities.But pure gold in nature practically does not occur.Even bank bullion metal is not submitted in a perfectly pure state.In nature, as it occurs with the addition of silver, copper and so on. D.
gold quite easily polished.Thanks to a good reflective ability of the metal is very appreciated in jewelry.It is surprising that through thin sheets of precious metal may pass even the sun's rays.However, their temperature will decrease.It is no coincidence in the modern construction of a chemical element gold is used for tinting the windows.
chemical properties of gold
As the story of the discovery of a chemical element, Gold has been known since long before the appearance of the periodic table.But in her metal it takes pride of place.Table Gold specified under the atomic number 79 and is denoted by Latin letters Au.The valence of the precious metal in chemical compounds often one or three.
For centuries chemists have conducted experiments on a huge amount of gold.It was found that the oxygen and sulfur, which have aggressive impact on most metals, gold does not have absolutely no influence.An exception may be only its atoms on the surface.
composition of gold determines its chemical properties.Metal does not react with phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen.But with halogens Gold forms a compound when heated.Since chlorine and bromine water reaction occurs even at ambient temperature.These reagents are only available in laboratories.But in a life threat to the metal may be a solution of potassium iodide and iodine.
Mineral acids and alkali in most cases do not act on the gold.It was on this property based method of determining the authenticity of the precious metal.Few people know how to find among the many gold jewelry.Decoration is filled with nitric acid.Gold under the influence of the chemical will not change its appearance.But other metals can react.
How to find gold?
most commonly gold mined from alluvial deposits.This method is used elutriation.It is based on the difference between the density of the waste rock and gold.How to get high-quality gold, may know only real professionals.
popular are methods such as amalgamation and cyanidation.Thus we began to dig for gold in the Americas and Africa in the late nineteenth century.Today, the primary deposits are the main sources of the precious metal.The composition of the gold may depend on the species that are close by.As well as the climatic environment.Initially
gold rock crushed and treated with a solution of sodium or potassium cyanide.Further, the material is cleaned by electrolysis.Pre-prepare a bath of hydrochloric acid solution.When a current is passed through the rock impurities precipitated as sludge.The result is a refined precious metal.
Where used gold?
many acquaintances in the form of gold jewelry.Meanwhile, the metal is widely used in various industries.The composition of the gold may be somewhat different.Quite often used alloys with other metals.Thus not only saves the expensive material but also increases its strength.The precious metal is more resistant to a variety of mechanical damage.
Quality of gold, which is used in industry, denoted sample.Thus it is possible to find out how the material is a "pure".The most common precious metal diluted copper.Alloys of silver can be used in electrical engineering.The most expensive are alloys of gold and platinum.This material is used in the jewelry industry, as well as in the production of chemically resistant equipment.Gold compounds from the beginning of the XX century and is still used in photography.With the help of a chemical element performed toning.
Gold as an art element
in gold jewelry has been used since ancient times.Today, this type of industry is one of the most profitable.Many of the products developed by designers, allowed to flow.But relevant today remain handmade jewelry.Production of these products - is an art that deserves attention.
Since the discovery of the chemical element happened, people began to use gold for making jewelry and decor different.Today, designers who not only develop products but also operate their own, have a good income.Handmade in conjunction with expensive material gives an excellent result.All jewelry is a beautiful and original.
Gold
economy in terms of commodity production function performs a universal equivalent is gold.The value of this metal is difficult to overestimate.The material has a use value.In many cases, the precious metal can be replaced even money.And gold is valued due to their properties.It can act as the best explanation of money.The gold is stored for a long time, can not be exposed to the chemical, easily divided and processed.
The same bar can be used in the industry, and then, with a small processing - become material for the manufacture of jewelry.We can say that the precious metal is immortal.
Banking sector
In ancient times gold was used only for the manufacture of jewelry.Further, it has become an excellent means of savings and wealth accumulation.Those who knew how to get the gold, did not have to think about tomorrow.After all, the precious metal was worth quite expensive at all times.
Today, gold is widely used for the manufacture of coins.But the precious metal cash flow does not arrive.Coins or bullion stored in financial institutions in the form of savings.Investing in precious metals today at the peak of popularity.So you can not only save money, but also to increase them.
What is the sample?
With the development of the industry, many companies have learned to make quality jewelry that looks virtually indistinguishable from real gold.A dishonest dealer can easily sell the gullible buyer "dummy".Therefore, everyone should know how to choose the right gold product.
First of all the quality of the precious metal is determined by the sample.Even if the jewelery is sold from abroad, it is put on public stigma.The most common are the product of 585-th test.They contain 58.5% pure gold.Articles 999 to mass sales do not occur.But in the bars that fill the state gold fund worth 990 sample.
What color will tell?
Golden articles of the same sample can vary in color.The appearance of the finished thing depends on the impurities.Platinum and nickel give alloy lighter shade.Copper and cobalt possible to obtain jewelery dark color.
today enjoys great popularity rose gold.Such an alloy is prepared by adding silver and copper.But an exclusive black gold is created using a cobalt and chromium.In many cases, consumers overpay for fashion trends.The content of gold in the product can be minimized.Just a few years of decoration may be impaired.Therefore, preference is given to all the classic yellow metal.
How to confirm the quality of the jewelry?
Many may want to find out the real cost of jewelry.You can turn to private experts, but in this case the result will not be documented.The exact percentage of impurities in gold and jewelry can be defined in the State Inspectorate Assay Office.After the procedure, the user is issued a certificate confirming quality.The product itself during the examination does not deteriorate.
Where to buy gold?
It all depends on the final objectives.If you want to buy a piece of jewelry as a gift, you can go to any specialty store.Much cheaper quality gold jewelry can be purchased online.Preference is given to the traditional yellow gold.It precious metal in a pure form is contained in the largest amount.Such a product will last a long time and even be inherited.
suitable for investment banking gold bullion.Each financial institution offers its own conditions for the acquisition of gold.But the most profitable investment does not necessarily guarantee reliability.Preference should be given to banks that have been operating for over 10 years and receive positive feedback from existing customers.
