In many universities in almost every faculty taught courses in psychology.Therefore, many students interested in the areas of behavioral science and other branches of science.Such knowledge will be useful in practical life.Psychology gives an idea of how the psyche of the individual.This knowledge is important for everyone, because they allow a good understanding of self and others.
Behaviorism - is the direction of psychology, to study the behavior and activity of the individual.But one of its founders, Skinner called his creation to a greater degree in philosophy.It was based on the works of Russian scientists in the field of reflexology and ideas of Darwinism.Founder of course John Watson wrote a special manifesto, in which he spoke about the meaninglessness of the concepts of consciousness and subconsciousness.Particularly popular area acquired in the XX century.To some extent similar to behaviorism, psychoanalysis, but they are different.Proponents of behaviorism believe that all concepts of "consciousness", "unconscious" and the like quite subjective.Therefore, the observation can not be used, only the valid data obtained by objective methods.
Behaviorism - is the direction, based on the reactions and incentives.That is why his supporters are so fond of the works of the famous Russian physiologist Pavlov.By reacting understand activity, outer and inner, first of all - this movement.That can be fixed.The stimulus is the cause of a particular behavior.That depends on him the nature of the reaction.
Initially it was believed that behaviorism - it's just the direction, and the formula of Watson perfect.But in the course of further experiments it was found that one stimulus may cause a plurality of different reactions or reactions.That is why the idea was put forward by the presence of an intermediary between the stimulus and response.
Development behaviorism after Watson continued Skinner.Its main task was to study the mechanism of behavior.He developed the idea of positive reinforcement.According to Skinner, a positive stimulus effect on the production of certain behavior.In the course of scientific experiments, he confirmed his thoughts.But in general, his education did not care for it much more important to study the mechanisms of behavior.
According to Skinner, behaviorism - a branch of psychology which should give concrete answers to the questions.If this can not be achieved, the answer does not exist.For him the point of contention was the presence of each individual creativity.He does not deny this, but does not show support.
During his scientific career, Skinner came to the conclusion that the person is influenced by society.He rejected Freud's ideas of what every man creates himself as a person.
Yet behaviorists made a few mistakes.The first was that any action should be considered in conjunction with a specific individual.The second mistake was the unwillingness to understand that the incentive can cause many different reactions.Even if it was produced in the same conditions.
