The first monument to Mikhail Lermontov was established in Pyatigorsk, not far from the spot where he died.The body of the poet at that time long been reburied from Pyatigorsk, but the city, where he spent the last months of his life, the birthplace of his last poems, was not in vain won Russia's first monument to Lermontov.
"I was happy with you, rocks of the mountains"
Lermontov selflessly loved the mountains, loved the Caucasus.Ever since those years when my grandmother Elizabeth A. Arsenyev his little boy was brought to the hot water, as once called Pyatigorsk.Many of his works are devoted to string Caucasus, the beauty of its nature.Perhaps that is why the love is perceived by us as tragic.Here Lermontov fated hit after his first exile in Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment of the rebellious poem "On the death of the poet", and then it came here for the summer to rest.And why he has not returned.
That house Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, which he took from the Major Vasily Chilayev, still stands today.Now in its museum of the poet.A monument, which became the first Lermontov immortalized in stone, set in the town square, which is specially pitched before opening.Behind him - the foot of Mashuk Mountain, where the July 27, 1841 in a duel ended the life of the poet.His eyes are on the top of Mount Elbrus, the majestic peaks so beloved poet of the Caucasus Mountains.Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, which takes away a photo with every tourist who visited the town - a symbol of selfless love for the poet enlightened minds of the time.
the thirtieth anniversary of the death of the poet
History duel Lermontov and the name of his murderer is known in almost all modern Russia.This was told at school at lessons of the native language, it is written in the textbooks.And the names of those who have initiated the installation of the monument to him first, who created it, know mostly professional writers.
Not too many people have initiated the process of installation, their names are hard to remember.In 1870, the poet Peter Kuzmich Martianov published in the journal "World labor" following lines: "St. Petersburg and Kronstadt put monuments Krusenstern and Bellingsgauzenu Kiev - Bogdan Khmelnitsky and Count Bobrinsky, Smolensk - Glinka, why Pyatigorsk, with its thousands of visitors to the waters, nottake the initiative in the construction of the monument to Mikhail Lermontov? "The chief at the time the tenant Caucasian Mineral Waters Andrew Matveyevich Baikov strongly supported the idea of Martyanova.In the group of initiators was listed another name - Alexander A. Wittmann, a physician and court counselor Pyatigorsk.Stories and Whitman have requested assistance to Baron AP Nicolai, who was then Chief of the Caucasian governor - Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov.So a year later, through many hands, the initiative to erect a monument to Lermontov in Pyatigorsk learned Tsar Alexander II.His highest permission for the event was received July 23, 1871, almost the thirtieth day after the date of death of the poet.
Thousands Ruble, penny
In response, the king was also written and then, on what means will be erected monument.It shall notify "... the opening of the Empire widespread subscription to collect donations for the monument."Immediately committee was set up to collect the money, and the Ministry of Finance has started registration of donations.
first payment came from two unidentified peasants from the Tauride province.He was two rubles.But soon began to receive donations from everywhere.Certain amounts included in the story.For example, a check for a thousand rubles - a lot of money in those years - sent Prince Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov former Lermontov's second to the fatal duel.Fyodor Dostoevsky introduced sum of one penny from some official Mishchenko was so outraged that even described this incident as a warning to future generations.And what ordinary peasant Ivan Andreitch supplemented this contribution to the ruble, they are also described.
total of 18 years, during which received money for the monument to Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, has collected 53 thousand 398 rubles and 46 kopecks.
contest for the best project
By 1881 the collected money is enough for it to begin to draft the future monument.Committee on how to install managed to recapture the city of Pyatigorsk as a place of permanent residence of the monument, although some members of the committee offered to install it in one of the two capitals, citing the fact that "Lermontov belongs to the whole of Russia", and instead of offering to open a museum of Lermontov in Pyatigorsk.
A total of three rounds of selection of the best project of the monument.Neither the first or second rounds, and they were sent to more than 120 proposals, have not revealed that special sketch, which would approve the whole Commission.Results of the third round were announced October 30, 1883.It sent their projects 15 contenders, among them at number 14 and was listed a sketch of the future monument.He entered the famous at the time of the sculptor Alexander Opekushin, created three years earlier monument to Alexander Pushkin, who established on Tverskoy Boulevard in Moscow.Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, who offered to set Opekushin, are simple composition comprising only a few minor details, but the author's intention was to show a short but brilliant life of the poet.And this idea was adopted by the members of the commission.
one portrait and one drawing
Oddly enough, but to achieve a bronze portrait likeness of the poet to his face during his life was not so easy.Death mask for some reason, has not been charged with Lermontov.Under his appearance Opekushininu sample provided a self-portrait of the poet, his watercolors painted four years before his death, and a pencil drawing Lermontov brother-baron DP Palena, painted in 1840, in which the poet was depicted in profile.
enormous work done Alexander Opekushin.Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk later recognized as the most accurate in terms portrait resemblance to the poet.And it was not surprising, because the sculptor created many drawings Lermontov, before giving them to compare living poet friends, among whom was his second Vasilchikov.Write out the facial features of the selected experts sketch directly under the leadership of Alexander Kutuzov, before the final version was approved by the monument.The author would not only give the statue a portrait likeness, but also to create highly artistic works of art, worthy of the poet.
From Crimea and St. Petersburg - Pyatigorsk
As a result, the author of the Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk not only created the very statue of the poet, but it offered a drawing of the pedestal.Light granite slabs had to be laid out in the form of a monumental rock on which, in addition to the lyre, laurel wreath and a pen, there was no further ornamentation.All laconically, but each of the parts should carry a deep symbolic meaning.
in St. Petersburg on bronze casting factory "A Moran" was cast in bronze the statue itself (height of 2 meters 35 centimeters) and details of the decor of the pedestal.Then the sculpture is in Pyatigorsk to urgently arranged Square and set a pedestal in the capital exposed for all to see.
For pedestal specially from the Crimea were brought to light granite boulders - a total of eight units.The place for the monument to the sculptor himself chose long before its installation.This allowed to relate organically to become a poet and the surrounding park area.In his drawing erecting pedestal by local craftsmen.Installation of a bronze sculpture of the poet, who first brought to Pyatigorsk by train, and then on carts, he led Opekushin, helped him brought them out of the capital master.The total height of the monument after the installation was 5 meters 65 centimeters.
wreaths and speeches at the foot of Mashuk
initially opening of the monument was scheduled for October 1889.But Alexander Opekushin could not come in October in Pyatigorsk, and many visitors Waters would like to attend this significant event, so the date of opening of the monument was moved to Sunday 16 August.
Opekushin In addition to personally see how the monument to Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, the ceremony came almost all members of the committee for its installation, the local nobility, heads of the Office of Water, city officials, residents and visitors of the resort's surroundings.It was read a report on the collection and spending of the money, after which the monument and took off with a snow-white, as the top of Mount Elbrus, the veil.
Wreaths of flowers, silver, metal lay at the feet of the poet.There were solemn speeches about the importance of the creative heritage of the poet to the Russian people, the march "Lermontov", penned VI Saul's poem "Before a monument to Mikhail Lermontov," read by the author Costa Khetagurovo.It was to play a small piece "At the monument to Lermontov", written by Mr. Schmidt.
alone is Andrew Matveyevich Baykova was not among those present.At this time he seriously ill, he was on the resort Merano, in Austria, where he died a month after the opening of the monument.
The first and to date the best
That bronze Lermontov, which raised money throughout the world, not only became the first monument erected to the poet, but also the best of all existing today.It is considered by art historians, historians, writers it was a long time ago.What was once erected new monuments, but it remains the same: the best monument to Lermontov - Pyatigorsk.Picture it, along with the images of what is installed on Tverskaya Pushkin - almost all encyclopedias.At the feet of the poet on the front of the pedestal with two inscriptions;at the top of "M.Lermontov "a little lower -" 16 August 1889 ".
Face Bronze Lermontov if transfers poetic lines, which is about to spill over onto the paper, so it seems an inspired expression.But the pen is inviolable, the book fell out of the hands of the poet, and his eyes are on the snow-covered Mount Elbrus.Behind - Mashuk.Even these items carry a higher meaning: the past behind, ahead - an eternity.That captures the great Russian poet Lermontov in Pyatigorsk.Photos of the monument on the background of the infamous Mountain for many tourists more images of beautiful peaks of the Caucasus Mountains.
house under thatched roof
In May 1841, wanting to spend a few months in your favorite Pyatigorsk, Lermontov came to the Caucasus.I stumbled on a simple, but fairly well-kept house, covered with reeds, in the Sermon on the street, on the outskirts of the city.With owner of the house, retired the Major VI Chilayev managed to come to an agreement for the 100 silver rubles - quite a considerable sum, but it allows you to rent a house for the summer.In such a mansion he once "settled" its Pechorin, the same house was the last earthly abode of the poet.
After the fatal duel, long before the building will become a house-museum of Lermontov in Pyatigorsk cared little about this house.Part of me home, none of them followed his arrangement, the structure gradually began to decline.The first thing that made the locals, when the threat of collapse has become quite obvious - manufactured and attached to the wall memorial marble slab, which hangs to this day.It just a few words: "dom, unto kotorom zhil poet Lermontov M. Yu."Only in 1922 the Department of Education has issued Pyatigorsk ownership of the house.For a year he was able to bring in the proper kind for the museum.
Today it is almost the only remaining intact monument associated with Lermontov.Here, not only the house, but all the houses in the neighborhood are as stood in 1841 - a unique case.
of Pyatigorsk cemetery to the family crypt in Tarkhany
here, in the house under a thatched roof, and brought on a rainy Tuesday July 27 the lifeless body of the poet after the duel, hence it was carried out in the latter as it believed the way to the cemetery Pyatigorsk.
brought up Mikhail Lermontov's grandmother, Elizabeth A. Arsenyev, eight months after the death of the grandson of the right to the reburial procured and transported the body of the poet in the family estate Tarkhany Penza province, where the family crypt had already laid his mother and grandfather.But the museum Lermontov in Pyatigorsk added personal belongings of the poet who donated three times removed niece Lermontov - Eugene Akimovna Shang Giray.
reburial took place on May 5, 1842.And on the first grave in the Pyatigorsk Lermontov cemetery has a memorial plaque, which, like the monument and the house under a thatched roof, come numerous admirers of his work.
favorite places Lermontov in Pyatigorsk
Not only the city park, the museum complex and the cemetery is visited by many tourists in Pyatigorsk.There are some beautiful places in the mountains, where he once liked to be a poet, which is now leading tourist destinations.Among the main attractions - the Grotto of Lermontov in Pyatigorsk on a spur of Mount Mashuk.There poet wrote in 1837, the painting - "View of Pyatigorsk", which depicts the spur.He, by the will of Lermontov, became a place of secret meetings of Pechorin and Vera.
Until 1831 it was the usual mountain cave, which offers stunning views of Pyatigorsk.Then the brothers Bernardazzi (Johann and Josef, local builders) converted it into a grotto, benches installed in it, and the iron bars to it appeared only in the seventies of the XIX century.The cast-iron plaque "Grotto of Lermontov" was established in 1961.Away from the city and the people here Lermontov break from the hustle and bustle.
«How sweet song of my homeland ...»
guides offer numerous tourists visit the Museum-Reserve Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, and the monument and the stele to the cemetery and place of the duel at the foot of Mount Mashuk.Many are willing to walk on the poet's favorite places around the city, where he often walked.So at one time did Leo Tolstoy, Sergei Yesenin, Vasily Shukshin, almost the last resting place of the great writer, poet and artist as his personal visit.
especially crowded here in memory of the poet's Day - on 27 July.Pass readings, sound poetry Lermontov.And quite often - these lines: "How sweet song of my motherland, I love the Caucasus!»
