Steel - the most numerous group of used metals and their marking depends on the classification group.
What are steels
Deciphering the brand begins with the definition of its main group to the destination.Characterized by the following group of steels: construction, civil engineering, tools, with special properties (heat-resistant, heat-resistant and high-strength).
structural steel manufactured machine parts, rolled, welded construction.Tool, as the name implies, are used for the production of machining tools.A special kind of tool steels - high-speed, they are intended for processing at higher loads.Construction steel used mainly for welded structures have a low (0.25%) carbon content.In terms of composition similar to construction.
Structural steel
In its composition they are divided into alloy and carbon, that is, with special impurities and without them.The alloy steel should contain at least 45% iron.An important feature is the presence of extraneous non-metallic impurities in the resultant alloy - sulfur, phosphorus and others.The less they contain, the better the quality is considered to be metal.There are 4 groups of qualities:
| Group | Max harmful impurities | Marking |
| ordinary quality | 0.05% | "Art" at the beginning of designations |
| quality | 0.035% | "Steel" to the designation;more often than not written |
| High | 0.025% | "A" at the end of designation |
| Osobovysokokachestvennaya | 0.015% | "W" at the end of designation |
At the end of designation may be affixed type alloy deoxidation (deoxidation - the removal of oxygen from the steel): boiling (KP), semi-killed (PS), quiet (SP).The index of "joint venture" is usually not indicated.
In general, the transcript of steel belonging to the group of doped, can be represented as:
- [carbon content] [alloying elements] [deoxidation method] [additional information] where the carbon content is written in hundredths of a percent.
alloying elements are specified as a combination of the lettering and the number as a percentage.If the element content in the alloy is less than one percent, the amount thereof is not disclosed.Currently, for inclusion, the following notation: H - Nickel X - chrome C - silicon, titanium - T, manganese - D, S - aluminum, and so on.. For example, steel 09G2S is composed of 0.09%carbon, 2% of manganese and silicon in an amount of about 1%.In addition, there are some additional symbols steels, decrypt following:
1. "W" in the beginning - steel bearing.
2. "A" at the end - steel foundry.
3. "A" at the beginning - the steel-cutting.
4. "E" at the beginning - electrical steel.
Separately allocate construction steels.Breakdown is as follows: at the beginning of the letter "C" followed by the yield stress.Letter "R" means a chemical composition of embodiment "T" - thermal hardening.
marking steels with special properties similar to labeling structural alloy.
Tool steel
Before designation, the letter "U", followed by the proportion of carbon (the minimum amount of carbon should not be less than 0.7%).Tool steels as well as construction, divided into carbon and alloy, but have only two quality groups - high-quality and high-quality.In the second case, the name of the letter "A" at the end mark.The letter "F" indicates a high content of manganese.Explanation of grades relating to the HSS tool, is somewhat different.In the first place there is the designation of the whole group - letter "P" (from the English term "rapid" - fast), then indicate the number of the main alloying element - tungsten (his lettering is skipped).
Note furnace steelmaking
for high quality alloys in the description the way to the end of production of steel grades, transcript production methods are presented below.These codes are placed at the end of designation: VD - vacuum arc;W - electroslag;EL - electron beam;VI - vacuum induction.
